Job Description

• Industry/ Organization Type: Marine Technology Service Provider
• Position Title: Administrative Assistant (Inventory control)
• Working Location: West – Tuas (Nearest MRT: Tuas Link) – Requires taking a few bus stops to reach the company
• Working Hours: 5 days (Mon-Fri: 8.30 am-5.30 pm)
• Salary Package: Up to SGD2800 + AWS + Bonus
• Duration: Permanent

Key Responsibilities

• Maintain accurate records of inventory levels and ensure the database is up-to-date.
• Regularly review stock levels and usage trends to prevent overstocking or shortages.
• Coordinate with the procurement team to order necessary items before stock runs low.
• Prepare and manage detailed reports on inventory operations, adjustments, and issues for internal use.
• Document and update inventory procedures and policies to enhance workflow efficiency.
• Assist in processing incoming and outgoing orders, ensuring that all transactions are recorded promptly and accurately.
• Schedule and coordinate the delivery of goods, liaising with suppliers and logistics partners.
• Conduct regular checks to ensure the quality and condition of inventory items.
• Report any discrepancies or issues with delivered goods to the relevant parties immediately.
• Work closely with other departments, particularly the finance and operations teams, to align inventory needs with budgetary constraints and operational requirements.
• Provide administrative support during inventory audits and end-of-year stock takes.
• Identify opportunities for improving inventory processes and contribute to the implementation of new systems or technologies that enhance inventory management.

APPLY NOW!!!

• Min. N level
• Min. 1 year of working experience in the related field
• Training is provided to an inexperienced candidate
• Familiar with Microsoft Office

Kindly apply through ANY of the following methods:

• Submit your application by clicking the APPLY button;
• Email your resume to Job(at)anradus.com.sg. Please indicate #69068 on the email subject.

Anradus Application Policy: We value each application and ensure every resume is reviewed. Our process is efficient, typically concluding within 3 working days. If you do not receive communication from us within this timeframe, it's likely that your application has not been shortlisted by our client. In such cases, we recommend continuing your job search to maximize your opportunities.

Anradus Pte Ltd | EA License No. 20C0161 | Celine Tan | EA Reg No.: R1873694

Administrative Assistant responsibilities include making travel and meeting arrangements, preparing reports and maintaining appropriate filing systems. The ideal candidate should have excellent oral and written communication skills and be able to organize their work using tools, like MS Excel and office equipment.

• Handling administrative requests and queries from senior managers
• Organizing and scheduling appointments with admin software
• Planning meetings and taking detailed minutes
• Answer and direct phone calls
• Organize and schedule appointments
• Plan meetings and take detailed minutes
• Write and distribute email, correspondence memos, letters, faxes and forms
• Assist in the preparation of regularly scheduled reports
• Develop and maintain a filing system
• Update and maintain office policies and procedures
• Order office supplies and research new deals and suppliers
• Maintain contact lists
• Book travel arrangements
• Submit and reconcile expense reports
• Provide general support to visitors
• Act as the point of contact for internal and external clients
• Liaise with executive and senior administrative assistants to handle requests and queries from senior managers

Requirements and skills

• Proven experience as an Administrative Assistant, Virtual Assistant or Office Admin Assistant
• Knowledge of office management systems and procedures
• Working knowledge of office equipment, like printers and fax machines
• Proficiency in MS Office (MS Excel and MS PowerPoint, in particular)
• Excellent time management skills and the ability to prioritize work
• Attention to detail and problem solving skills
• Excellent written and verbal communication skills
• Strong organizational skills with the ability to multi-task

The Job

This role plays a crucial role in supporting fundraising efforts within the Charity. Strong organisational skills, attention to detail, and excellent communication abilities are essential in this position.

Responsibilities

• Responsible to manage giving.sg campaigns.
• Provide full administration support.
• Prepare monthly statistics report on fundraising progress.
• Perform other office support related duties.
• Provide assistance to Finance department.
• Any other ad-hoc duties assigned.

Requirements

• At least Diploma or equivalent.
• Min 2 years’ experience in relevant field.
• Proficient in Microsoft Office and Outlook.
• Computer savvy.
• Good administrative skills.
• Good communication skills.

• Responsible for general office management and operations coordination.

• Prepare invoicing & support for accounts department.

• Keep up to date the office general filling system.

• Manage reception and incoming outgoing mails & courier service.

• Work as a team with the office to accomplish related results as needed.

Requirements

• No experience required.

• Basic computer knowledge required.

We’re looking for a full-time to join part of our Family!

1) Admin Executive

• Invoicing, Taking orders, Purchasing, Data Entry etc..
• Handling of online platform like GrabFood etc (menu update & ordering issues etc)
• Assisting to other Departments if necessary
• ISO recording and documents preparation
• Ad Hoc

Proficient in Microsoft Window: Excel, Word and Accounting Software: Quickbook

Location - Kaki Bukit

Interested candidates, please email us at [email protected]

1. Role Description:

This position reports to the Head of Operations and interfaces with all departments. TES Capital is committed to an employee-orientated, high performance culture that emphasises empowerment, quality, continuous improvement, and the recruitment and on-going development of a superior workplace

2. Specific Responsibilities

To primarily assist on administrative functions, which would include:

a) preparing insurance forms and agreements accurately

b) scanning, filing and printing of documents

c) maintain customer database

d) assist in preparation of payments to insurers and clients

e) liaising with insurance companies and clients on documentation matters

f) coordinating the execution of documents with clients

g) generate invoices and receipts for clients

h) Assist with other administrative or ad-hoc matters when requested

3. Competencies

a) Active participation in administrative process, including developing goals, objectives and processes

b) How to engage colleagues and clients professionally

c) Gain experience with database management and record keeping

4. Duration of Attachment Offered

6 Months with permanent position offered if performance is satisfactory

Duties and Responsibilities:

• Answer the company phone in a polite and welcoming manner, and direct calls to the relevant employee

• Schedule appointments and meetings for various employees • Take minutes of select meetings for future reference

• Compile and send emails, memos, letters and faxes

• Help to prepare company reports on a weekly, or monthly basis

• Scanning paper documents such as contracts into a company database

• Craft an effective filing system for maintaining easy access to files • Keep employees up-to-date with company policies and procedures

• Place stationary orders for the office, and find new cost-effective suppliers

- Provides secretarial and administrative support

- Opening of files and conducting online searches

- Drafting of letters

- Undertaking other general administrative tasks – filing, printing, scanning, etc

- Ad-hoc administrative duties and support to other colleagues

Please email your resume to [email protected]

• GCE N/ O Levels, Diploma holders
• Minimum 2-3 years administrative experience preferably in Construction/ Engineering industries
• Experience in SAP software
• Manage the day-to-day administrative tasks, including office supplies, equipment, and facilities management. Contacting clients to obtain missing information or answer queries
• Ensure the office environment is organized, clean, and functional for staff and visitors.
• Handle incoming calls, emails, and correspondence, directing them to the appropriate team members or departments.
• Monitor and maintain office inventory, including construction materials and tools, and reorder supplies as necessary.
• Assist in the purchasing process for office supplies.
• Issue purchase order, checking invoices, record purchase order in SAP system and project tracking and etc
• Perform other ad-hoc duties and responsibilities as assigned by management.
• Working Location: Eastern area

Job Description

• Responsible for tracking of project related Purchase Orders/Work Orders, Delivery orders/Goods Receipt Notes and Invoicing
• Assist site personnel to prepare projects related quotations, reports submission, etc
• Assisting Director with any project-related administrative documentation and submission.
• Responsible for handling all general office admin & clerical support, data entry, document scanning, etc
• Proper filing and documentation of correspondences and project related documents.
• Reception work such as receiving incoming phone calls
• Other general administrative duties and ad-hoc projects as assigned.

Job Requirement

• Degree, Diploma in business or other industry related certification
• Preferably with min 3 years of relevant working experiences
• Knowledge in using ERP software, MS Office especially (Excel, Words)
• Able to work independently with good analytical and problem-solving skills
• Committed to work in meeting deadline
• Meticulous with pro-active working attitud

Administrative Managers play a role in many parts of a business’s operations. This is a top-level role, meaning Administrative Managers work with other leaders and team members in each of the business’ departments. Administrative Managers have a lot of duties they perform on a daily basis, including:

• Guiding the organization’s activities
• Identifying opportunities to improve a business’ policies or objectives
• Ensuring a company is operating securely and effectively
• Preparing and reviewing operational reports
• Leading and/or participating in meetings
• Assisting managers in compiling annual budget information and reports
• Maintaining all policies and procedures manuals
• Hiring and training administrative staff
• Delegating tasks to administrative assistants
• Creating personnel folders for new hires
• Monitoring and projecting staffing needs
• Overseeing department budget planning and development
• Managing and maintaining all department databases
• Performing clerical accounting and general office duties as needed
• Developing strong relationships with cross-functional teams and departments.

Administrative managers typically have the following skills and experience:

• Leadership: The ability to guide colleagues, provide feedback, and delegate tasks
• Communication: Strong verbal and written communication skills
• Organization: Excellent organizational and multitasking skills
• Planning: The ability to plan new policies and constructively approach projects
• Experience: At least five years of experience in administrative management
• Education: A bachelor's degree, and preferably an MBA
• Software: Proficiency in office management software like MS Office
• Problem-solving: Strong problem-solving skills
• Deadline-driven: The ability to work to strict deadlines
• Interpersonal: The ability to effectively interact with different types of people
• Confidence: Confidence with numbers

Administrative managers are responsible for overseeing office operations, managing administrative staff, and ensuring efficient workflow. They also coordinate administrative tasks, plan and coordinate administrative procedures, and implement internal policies and procedures.

Job Duties:

• Assist with the Reception desk as required and other associated tasks, including directing incoming calls and visitor arrival/departure
• Using the in-house database and other systems effectively to ensure maximum efficiency
• Ability to work flexibly in a busy environment with an established team and processes
• Organising couriers
• Maintain filing system
• Prepare mail
• Arrange correspondence for overseas deliveries

Job Requirements:

• Relevant experience within an office environment would be advantageous
• Highly motivated and organized individual with a flexible approach to work
• Detail-oriented and ability to work independently
• Ability to work well under pressure and meet tight deadlines without compromising the quality of work or safety
• Able to work on Saturdays as of when required

Job Description

• To handle walk-ins and new enquiries on the services provided by the centre
• To handle parents’/students’ enquires on class timings/ services/ etc • To assist with liaising work with parents and students on any changes to schedule
• Ensuring smooth operation of the centre
• Counsel students and help them realise their potential
• Teach Primary to Secondary and IB Chinese Subjects

Requirements:

• Diploma/Degree obtained from Singapore Local Government Universities or Universities of China
• Experience in Administrative work
• Demonstrate passion in education – committed to nurturing the students and makes effort to continually improve yourself
• Dynamic and confident, with an approachable disposition
• Strong communication (both spoken and written) and interpersonal skills
• Required to work on weekends
• Candidates with prior teaching experience are preferred
• Fluent in Mandarin

Job Descriptions:

· Manage and maintain the Merchant Master and Consolidation Lists.

· Prepare Merchant monthly reports and prepare invoices for merchants and partners.

· Coordinate with Internal and External Marketing Resources for marketing activities.

· Manage and maintain the Company Social Media Platforms.

· Manage the office lines for Merchant and Users.

· Any other job scope assigned.

Requirements:

· Diploma

· Proficient in MS Office (Excel/Words/PowerPoint)

· Good communication and organizational skills

· Highly self-motivated, good working attitude and a good team player

· Independent with the ability to work with minimum supervision.

Job Brief: Administrative Executive

As an Administrative Executive, you will play a key role in supporting the Education and Training department at IFPAS. Your responsibilities will encompass a variety of administrative tasks to ensure the smooth delivery of courses, workshops, and related programs. You will also be the primary point of contact for members and potential students, ensuring their needs are met with professionalism and efficiency.

Roles and Responsibilities

Your responsibilities shall include, but are not limited to:

Student and Member Support

• Respond to inquiries from members and potential students via phone, email, or other communication channels regarding courses, workshops, and other education-related concerns.
  • Provide guidance and assistance to students on funding, accreditation applications, renewals, certificates, and other documentation requirements.

Application and Payment Processing

• Receive and process applications and payments for courses, workshops, certifications, and other programs.
• Maintain accurate and organized records for transactions and applications.

Reporting and Documentation

• Prepare and submit required reports, including daily summary receipts, feedback summaries, and any other relevant departmental reports.
• Scan and file documents for archiving and record-keeping purposes.

Class Coordination

• Coordinate and manage both physical and virtual classes at various venues, including office premises, corporate locations, or external commercial sites.
• Assist in preparing classrooms and virtual setups for smooth program execution.

Course Funding and Subsidies

• Assist with funding submissions, such as SkillsFuture, IBF-STS, IBF-FTS, and other applicable programs.
• Ensure compliance with funding guidelines and processes.

Non-Subsidy Program Management

• Oversee the administration of non-subsidized programs, including fee charging and invoicing.
• Prepare daily sales reports (DSR) and other financial summaries related to non-subsidized programs.

Exam and Certification Support

• Invigilate resit exams, ensuring compliance with exam protocols.
• Assist in class preparation and manage ad-hoc tasks related to examination processes.

Event Support

• Participate and assist in company events such as conferences, seminars, receptions, and exhibitions.
• Provide administrative support as needed during these events.

Ad Hoc Duties

• Take minutes during meetings as required.
• Perform other ad-hoc tasks and provide related data or reports as needed.

Key Competencies

• Strong organizational and multitasking skills.
• Excellent communication skills, both written and verbal.
• Proficient in Microsoft Office Suite and other relevant software.
• Familiarity with education funding schemes and processes (e.g., SkillsFuture, IBF) is an advantage.
• Ability to work independently and as part of a team.
• High attention to detail and accuracy.

This role is essential to the effective functioning of the IFPAS Education and Training department. The ideal candidate will demonstrate a proactive approach to problem-solving, a commitment to customer service excellence, and the flexibility to manage varying responsibilities in a dynamic environment.

Job Responsibilities

1. Oversee daily administrative operations and general affairs for the company’s Singapore branch.
2. Manage fixed assets, ensuring accurate record-keeping and optimizing asset utilization.
3. Coordinate logistical support, including office cleanliness and environmental health inspections, in collaboration with cleaning staff.
4. Handle procurement of office supplies and departmental materials to ensure smooth operations.
5. Manage employee accommodation, maintaining a conducive environment and enhancing their overall experience.
6. Assist with external visitor arrangements, including reception room setup, tea service, and visitor parking logistics.
7. Organize and monitor the company’s security measures to safeguard personnel and property, conducting regular inspections of safety equipment and resolving issues promptly.
8. Perform other administrative tasks as assigned by management.

Job Qualifications

1. Bachelor’s degree or equivalent, with 1–3 years of experience in administration, logistics, or fixed asset management.
2. Proficiency in English and Mandarin to support bilingual communication needs.
3. Strong organizational, planning, and problem-solving skills.
4. Excellent interpersonal skills with attention to detail and strong execution capabilities.
5. High sense of responsibility and customer service orientation.
6. Positive, team-oriented attitude with the ability to collaborate effectively.

15C7556

R1329396

We are seeking a detail-oriented and proactive Administrative Officer to support in managing travel &

hotel arrangements, claims processing, meeting schedules, general office admin support and purchases,

and logistics support for related events. The candidate will possess strong planning and organizational

skills, with a strong attention to detail, and has the ability to work in a fast-paced environment.

Key Responsibilities

Travel Arrangements:

• Coordinate and make travel arrangements including flights booking
• Handle all hotel bookings

Claims Processing:

• Assist in the preparation and submission of travel expense claims and reimbursements
• Ensure compliance with company policies and maintain accurate records of all claims

Meeting Coordination:

• Schedule and organize meetings for executives, prepare agendas and meeting materials
• Ensure all logistical details are managed, including room bookings, catering, and tech requirements

General Administrative Support:

• General office purchases
• Support logistics and meal arrangements for meetings and events
• Other administrative tasks as needed

Job Description

This role combines administrative responsibilities for a preschool and for a fintech company. The position requires strong organizational skills, attention to detail, and the ability to balance priorities in a fast-paced, multi-industry environment.

Enrolment and Preschool Administration

• Manage enquiries from existing and potential parents in a professional manner, following instructions from the Director, Centre Manager, and Principal.

• Oversee documentation and processes related to registration and withdrawals, including follow-up on incomplete or erroneous forms.

• Maintain updated children’s records, including enrolments and withdrawals, in a timely manner.

• Handle billing and fee collection, monitor outstanding fees, and issue reminders to ensure timely payments.

• Generate enrolment and finance-related reports for the management team.

• Coordinate with ECDA, manage relevant reports, and oversee compliance tasks such as subsidy audits and updates in the CMS system.

Operational Support

• Assist in daily arrival and dismissal processes to ensure safety and efficiency.

• Distribute materials from external vendors and manage incoming deliveries.

• Manage petty cash, expense claims, and school-related expenses with proper documentation.

• Source, negotiate, and follow up with suppliers on quotations, orders, and inventory (e.g., food orders, stationery, uniforms).

• Provide general administrative support to the Director, Centre Manager, and Principal.

Human Resources Assistance

• Support Centre Manager and Principal with HR-related duties, such as updating medical expense claims in WhyzeHR and Xero.

• Maintain organized HR documentation and ensure compliance with internal procedures.

Fintech Finance Responsibilities

• Collaborate with the finance team to maintain accurate bookkeeping, including processing invoices, receipts, and payments.

• Assist in budget planning, track expenses, and prepare regular financial reports for management review.

• Support internal and external audits to ensure compliance with relevant regulations and company policies.

• Identify cost-saving opportunities and align spending with business objectives.

Director Support

• Coordinate the Director’s calendar, appointments, and travel arrangements.

• Prepare and distribute meeting agendas, minutes, and related documents.

• Act as a liaison between the Director and various teams, ensuring smooth information flow.

• Assist in special projects, including managing timelines, resources, and deliverables for fintech initiatives.

• Help maintain relationships with key stakeholders, partners, and clients, and coordinate presentations or pitches as required.

Marketing and Growth

• Provide support for marketing events such as Open Houses, liaising with teams and vendors for successful execution.

• Manage and update marketing channels (Facebook, Instagram, website) by creating and uploading multimedia content.

• Work with the Centre Manager on parent viewings and enrolment strategies to drive growth.

• Contribute ideas for new marketing initiatives to increase brand visibility and enhance customer experience.

Requirements and Qualifications

• Diploma or Degree in Business Administration, Early Childhood Education, Finance, or a related field preferred

• Prior experience in customer service, administration, finance, or accounting is beneficial.

• Proficiency in MS Office (Word, Excel, PowerPoint); experience with Xero or similar accounting software is an advantage.

• Excellent communication, organization, and multitasking skills.

• Ability to work independently and adapt quickly to changing priorities.

• Genuine interest in both early childhood education and fintech operations.

Join Our Team

This dual-role position provides a unique opportunity to develop expertise in both preschool administration and fintech finance. If you have a passion for serving families and children while growing professionally within a dynamic global environment, we invite you to apply.

www.littlebig.com.sg

www.trustplus.ai

Job Description & Requirements

• Handle General Office Administration
• Handle Logistic/Shipping coordination
• Order processing
• Attend to customers' enquires
• Able to operate the Company in-house ERP software (training will be provided)

Requirements:

• Basic Logistic, Shipping knowledge
• Skill in internet and MS Office applications
• Good interpersonal communication skills and telephone etiquette
• Self-motivated, strong sense of responsibility.

Job Description

· Typing reports, billing

· Marking samples

· Answering phone calls

· Any other clerical works

Job Requirements

· Computer literacy – Microsoft Office applications.

· Team player.

· Positive attitude and good interpersonal skills.

· Customer service experience will be an added advantage.

Our working hours:

Monday to Friday: 8.30 am to 5.00 pm

Saturday: 8.30 am to 1.00 pm

Responsibilities:

• Manage and oversee all aspects of work pass applications, renewals, cancellations, and compliance with regulations.
• Serve as the primary liaison regarding work passes and immigration matters.
• Handle daily administrative tasks, such as scheduling, correspondence, and document preparation.
• Maintain and update employee records and databases, ensuring accuracy and confidentiality.
• Provide assistance during weekends and public holidays to resolve urgent work pass issues or other administrative matters.
• Coordinate with internal departments and external vendors for office supplies, maintenance, and services.
• Assist in organizing company events, meetings, and employee engagement activities.
• Contribute to process improvements and ensure compliance with company policies and procedures.

Qualifications:

• Diploma in Business Administration, Human Resources, or a related field.
• Minimum 2–3 years of experience in administrative roles, with a focus on work pass applications.
• Familiarity with relevant regulations and online application portals (e.g., MOM’s Work Pass System).
• Strong organizational and multitasking skills.
• Proficiency in Microsoft Office and administrative tools.
• Excellent communication and problem-solving skills.

Additional Requirements:

• Flexibility to be on standby during weekends and public holidays.
• Willingness to work overtime during peak periods or emergencies.

Scope of work

• Supervise students at the GEAR-Up Room
• Ensure that students tidy-up the GEAR-Up Room and canteen area before they leave.
• Ensure that all equipment is cleaned, switched off (if applicable) and put back at their allocated location after use.
• Work with TIC to organize or conduct structured activities at the GEAR-Up Room.
• Supervise and ensure safety of students in the GYM room
• Clean the gym room and the sports hub.
• Any other duties as assigned by School Leaders.

Qualifications, skills and experience:

1. Ability to communicate and work in teams.
2. Prior experience in any of the below areas would be an advantage:

• Logistics-related work
• Administrative roles

Contract Period: From state duration e.g. 15 Jan 2025 to 31 May 2025 and 1 July 2025 to 31 Oct 2025 (about 9 months) with an option to extend the Contract for a further period of 1 Jan 2026 to 31 May 2026 and 1 July 2026 to 31 Oct 2026 (9 months).

Personnel to be deployed at the following hours:

• Mondays to Thursdays: 7:30am to 5:00pm, inclusive of 1hr lunch break
• Fridays: 7:30am to 4:30pm, inclusive of 1hr lunch break
• Service not required on Saturdays, Sundays and gazetted public holidays

Location: Westwood Secondary School, 11 Jurong West St 25 Singapore 648350

Job Description

• Liaise/follow up with property agents for expat housing related matters (including minor repairs for the house.)
• Process claims application for expatriates via BIPO.
• Manage proper aircon servicing contract records with appointed Master Aircon vendor.
• Review and processing of invoices (e.g. aircon contractor, handyman, laundry services, furniture rental etc.).
• Ensure proper update of rental listing and records for accurate monthly rental payment.
• Necessary support for Expat moving in/out of Singapore.
• Any other ad-hoc duties as per assigned

Job Requirements

• Experience in expat management (liaising with property agent, familiar with TA, coordinating minor repairs, etc) will be an advantage
• Proficient in Microsoft Office (Words, Excel, Outlook etc)
• Experience in processing invoices/payments via systems
• Basic admin knowledge

Responsibilities

• Prepare documentations for Engineers including delivery orders, testing & commissioning, safety documents, etc.
• Support projects including monitoring follow up/outstanding list, liaising with vendors/user on schedule, consolidating meeting minutes, etc.
• Prepare weekly reports, monthly project management report, customer reports.
• Collating subcontractors workers information quarterly in accordance with PDPA standard used by Project team for site document submission.
• Attend to customers’ enquiry and feedback and channel to relevant Project Manager/Engineer.
• Provide office administrative and secretarial support to Project team including booking of meeting room, etc.
• Identify and implement process improvements within administrative functions.
• Preparation and submission of service quotation to customer including follow-up action, creating sales order/job card/service call log/job journal, etc.
• Channel customers’ request to relevant dept for follow-up action, ensure all cases are attended to and closed promptly.
• Assist Finance in billing matters pertaining to modification jobs (collating and submitting of relevant documentations for billing).
• Assist Service Controller in requesting quotation from supplier/subcontractor.

Requirement

• Min. Nitec in Administration Management
• 1-2 years working experience
• Able to work independently with minimum supervision.
• Good communication skills
• Team player
• Responsible, mature
• PC knowledge in MS Office

Job Responsibilities:

1. Process adoption applications

- Attend to enquiries on adoption related matters

- Liaise with adoption applicants to obtain necessary documents

- Guide applicants on adoption process

2. Support Pre-Adoption and Adoption Disclosure webinars/ workshops

- Schedule workshop sessions

- Confirm participants’ attendance

- Assists in webinar/ workshops

- Consolidate feedback

- Issue certificates of completion

3. Perform administrative tasks

- Update and maintain clients’ database

- Upload adoption application data onto relevant portal

- Assists in services’ audit, specifically adoption

Other duties and responsibilities as needed.

Competencies:

· Proficient in oral communications in English and Mandarin

· Proficient in Microsoft office

· Have strong administrative skills

· Demonstrates good interpersonal skills

Qualifications:

GCE ‘O’ level (minimally B grade in English) and above