Responsibilities

• Assists the Head Chef in carrying out all aspects of the kitchen’s day-to-day operations that precludes the management of food hygiene and safety, enforcing performance and quality standards, and monitoring to ensure attainment of these goals
• Helps control and direct the food preparation process efficiently and professionally
• Ensures that the kitchen runs on schedule and that food and related services are of a high grade
• Supports the Head Chef in planning and coordinating tasks while keeping labor expenses in mind
• Helps create meals using new or current culinary inventions or as the business prescribes
• Approves and polishes dishes before they are delivered and served to customers
• Produces quality menu that could change seasonally as the business requires
• Places equipment, tools or ingredient orders in response to possible detected shortfalls
• When directed by the Head Chef, hires, manages, trains and educates kitchen workers to be par with the highest possible culinary standards
• Follows and strictly implements all food and sanitary rules as well as safety guidelines
• Assists in the preparation of duty rotas for kitchen staff to provide appropriate coverage at all times while accounting for the seasonality of the business and keeping overtime to the minimum
• If and when directed by the Head Chef, keeps recipe files in excellent condition and up-to-date

Qualifications & Requirements

• Associate or Bachelor’s Degree in Culinary Arts or Science, Business, or relevant fields
• Three (3) years of experience as a sous chef
• Completed the WSQ Basic Food Hygiene Course – Food Safety Course Levels 1 and 2
• Updated in control of substances hazardous to health (COSHH) regulations or hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) methods
• Completed the WSQ Basic Food Hygiene Course – Food Safety Course Levels 1 and 2
• Quick in picking up concepts and possesses good logical and analytical problem-solving skills
• Able to grasp business requirements and processes
• Good understanding of computer software such as POS, restaurant management system, and Microsoft Office
• Service oriented, meticulous, attention to detail

Duties & Responsibilities

• Provides guidance for all aspects of the kitchen’s day-to-day operations that precludes the management of food hygiene and safety, enforcing performance and quality standards, and monitoring to ensure attainment of these goals
• Controls and directs the food preparation process efficiently and professionally
• Creates meals using new or current culinary inventions or as the business prescribes
• Approves and polishes dishes before they are delivered and served to customers
• Produces quality menu that could change seasonally as the business requires
• Manage, train and educate kitchen workers to be par with the highest possible culinary standards
• Manages kitchen stocks and ensures minimal wastage
• Forecasts and assesses personnel requirements ensuring no shortage or excess of kitchen staff while keeping labor costs in control
• Procures, stores, and handles all food products and materials within the agreed-upon budget and maximizes gross profit to include the effective staff management and payroll expenses
• Ensures that base food preparations and mise en place are well organized for service, allowing smooth kitchen operations
• Maintains payroll, punctuality and attendance records
• Follows and strictly implements all food and sanitary rules as well as safety guidelines
• Keeps updated in the latest trends in culinary trends and kitchen processes and technologies
• Ascertains that the personnel follow the regulations on hygiene, stock rotation, dates, storages, refrigerator temperature control, pest control, reporting of malfunctioning equipment, reporting of notifiable illnesses, and reporting of absenteeism, whether due to illness or otherwise
• If and when necessary, keeps recipe files in excellent condition and up-to-date

Qualifications & Requirements

• Associate or Bachelor’s Degree in Culinary Arts or Science, Business, or relevant fields
• At least 5 years of experience as a chef
• Completed the WSQ Basic Food Hygiene Course – Food Safety Course Levels 1 and 2
• Proven ability of kitchen management
• Strong interpersonal and leadership skills
• Tenacious in picking up concepts and possesses strong logical and analytical problem-solving skills
• Good understanding of computer software such as POS, restaurant management system, and Microsoft Office

-HAVE EXPIRIENCE IN RUNNING OPERATION AND MANAGE OF A INDIAN FOOD RESTAURANT

-HAVE KNOWLEDGE AND EXPIRIENCE IN NORHT AND SOUTH INDIAN CUISINE .

-CAN WORK INDEPENDENTLY AND UNDER PRESSURE WORKING ENVIROMENT

-HAVE CLASS 3 LICENSE OR 3C LICENSE PREFER

-MUST WORK ON PUBLIC HOLIDAY AND LONGER HOUR WORKING IN KITHCEN

Working area: 5 star hotels at Orchard

Job type: Regular Part Time

Working hours: Flexible

Salary: $12 per hour , weekly pay.

Benefit: Staff meal included, Uniform provided, Aircon Environment, Training provided, Flexible working hours, easy task

Main Requirement:

Pastry position: prepare goods such as cookies, pies, bread or toppings. Manage kitchen counter tidy and clean.

Whatapp Chris 81631253

whatsapp: 85986715

日本铁板烧餐馆聘厨师。

工资待遇：3000-5000，根据经验定薪资。

工作时间：10-2：30，5：30-10：00 (中间休息)

具体要求：会铁板，会英文，

地址：政府大厦

A chef is hired at a teppanyaki restaurant。

Salary: $3000-$5000, salary based on experience.

Working hours: 10am-2:30pm, 5:30am-10:00pm

with 13 month salary and Bonuses

Specific requirements: Can speak English,

Address: City hall

Jie Shun Jia. | EA License No.:24C2410 | EA Registration No.: R24124440 (YingJie Feng24)

1. Lead the kitchen team and oversee the daily kitchen operations.

2. Provides guidance to junior kitchen staff members, including food preparation, cooking, and dish plating.

3. Responsible for maintaining quality of food product and ensuring consistency in delivery and standards.

4. Preparation, presentation, purchasing, training and supervision, including proper recordings of menu items, special costing and all other paperwork required.

5. To ensure the kitchen operates smoothly with sufficient staff on duty at all times and all kitchen equipment are maintained to the highest standards of cleanliness with regular service.

6. Ensures that the kitchen team consistently adheres to uniform, grooming and appearance standards.

7. Maintain effective working relationships with the front line as well as the management.

8. Other ad-hoc duties as assigned.

Job Requirements:

1. Friendly and enjoys meeting people.

2. Preferably with experience in F&B sector.

3. COFFEE SHOP ENVIRONMENT

4. NIGHT SHIFT

5. Must be able to work on weekends and public holidays.

6. Staff Meal will be provided.

1. Ensures that all staff are properly train and all have tools and equipment needed to effectively carry out their respective job duties.

2. Ensure that high standards of sanitation, cleanliness and safety are maintained throughout all kitchen areas at all times.

3. Cooks or directly supervises the cooking of items that require skillful preparation.

4. Establishes and maintains regular cleaning and maintenance schedules for all kitchen areas and equipment.

5. Maintain close control over store supply of all the kitchens, ensuring adequate inventories of food items, and recipes/costing are established and updated.

6. Other ad-hoc duties as assigned.

Job Requirements:

1. Friendly and enjoys meeting people.

2. Preferably with experience in F&B sector.

3. COFFEE SHOP ENVIRONMENT

4. NIGHT SHIFT

5. Must be able to work on weekends and public holidays.

6. Staff Meal will be provided.

1. Lead the kitchen team and oversee the daily kitchen operations.

2. Provides guidance to junior kitchen staff members, including food preparation, cooking, and dish plating.

3. Responsible for maintaining quality of food product and ensuring consistency in delivery and standards.

4. Preparation, presentation, purchasing, training and supervision, including proper recordings of menu items, special costing and all other paperwork required.

5. To ensure the kitchen operates smoothly with sufficient staff on duty at all times and all kitchen equipment are maintained to the highest standards of cleanliness with regular service.

6. Ensures that the kitchen team consistently adheres to uniform, grooming and appearance standards.

7. Maintain effective working relationships with the front line as well as the management.

8. Other ad-hoc duties as assigned.

Job Requirements:

1. Friendly and enjoys meeting people.

2. Preferably with experience in F&B sector.

3. COFFEE SHOP ENVIRONMENT

4. NIGHT SHIFT

5. Must be able to work on weekends and public holidays.

6. Staff Meal will be provided.

Exciting Opportunity for Commis Chef / Chef De Partie! Join Our Culinary Team Today!

Are you passionate about creating culinary delights and eager to showcase your talent in a dynamic kitchen environment? Look no further! We are seeking dedicated individuals to join our culinary team as Commis Chefs and Chef De Parties.

Position: Commis Chef / Chef De Partie - Italian/Western Cuisine
Location: Dempsey
Working Hours: 5 Days, 44 Hours + Great Benefits!

Why Join Us?

• Work alongside experienced chefs in a creative and collaborative kitchen
• Opportunities for career advancement and skill development
• Competitive salary and benefits package (Monthly Incentive up to $500+ & 2 Bonuses)

Responsibilities:

• Assist in the preparation and cooking of dishes according to recipes and standards
• Ensure that food quality and presentation meet the restaurant's expectations
• Maintain cleanliness and sanitation standards in the kitchen area
• Support senior chefs in daily kitchen operations
• Monitor inventory levels and assist in stock rotation and ordering
• Follow food safety and hygiene regulations at all times
• Contribute ideas for menu development and innovation

Requirements:

• Previous experience in a similar role is preferred, but not required for Commis Chef positions
• Culinary education or relevant training is a plus
• Passion for food and cooking with a desire to learn and grow
• Ability to work well in a fast-paced environment and under pressure
• Strong attention to detail and organizational skills
• Team player with good communication skills

Interested candidates please WhatsApp me at 8779 6100 or send in your resume to [email protected]

We regret to inform you that only shortlisted candidates will be notified.

Willie Goh | EA Reg No: R2197853

Swift Search Global Pte Ltd | EA No: 18C9495

Main Duties and Responsibilities

We are seeking a talented and accomplished Executive Sous Chef for our All-Day Dining here at Mandai Rainforest Resort by Banyan Tree. Possessing culinary creativity and expertise, the successful candidate will be responsible for providing exceptional and unforgettable dining experiences for our guests.

Key Responsibilities

Leadership:

• Assist in overseeing daily kitchen operations, ensuring that food quality, consistency, and presentation meet the luxury standards of the hotel.
• Lead and mentor kitchen staff, ensuring efficient workflows and promoting teamwork and positive morale.
• Develop and implement training programs for kitchen personnel to uphold high culinary standards and safety protocols.
• Supervise and guide chefs and kitchen staff during food preparation and cooking to ensure the best practices in culinary techniques.

Menu Development and Innovation:

• Collaborate with the Director of Culinary to develop and execute menus for our Resort. The Executive Sous Chef will create unique and innovative menus that reflect the theme and direction of the Resort, whilst concurrently ensuring high standards of food presentation.

Operational Management:

• Oversee inventory management and ordering of kitchen supplies, ensuring cost control without compromising quality.
• Monitor food safety and cleanliness standards to comply with health and safety regulations (e.g., HACCP).
• Ensure kitchen equipment is maintained and operates efficiently, scheduling repairs when necessary.

Quality Control:

• Conduct regular inspections of food preparation, portioning, and presentation to ensure consistency and quality.
• Address guest feedback promptly and implement corrective actions when necessary.
• Ensure that all dishes are prepared to the highest standards of taste, presentation, and hygiene.

Financial and Cost Control:

• Assist in managing food and labor costs through careful planning and efficient kitchen operations.
• Implement waste reduction strategies and optimize resource utilization without compromising quality.
• Monitor and control the kitchen budget to achieve financial objectives.

Job Requirements

• Degree or Diploma in Culinary Arts or a professional qualification in a similar discipline.
• 5 to 9 years of culinary experience as a Head Chef in a property of similar standing. Candidates should possess holistic and well-developed culinary skill sets and have a well-rounded and diverse culinary background. Pre-opening experience will be an advantage.
• Complete knowledge of statutory regulations and requirements in food handling, including full knowledge of food safety, hygiene and related practices.
• Able to work independently yet also possessing strong leadership qualities to provide guidance to those who work in the kitchen.

Responsibilities

• Assists the Head Chef in carrying out all aspects of the kitchen’s day-to-day operations that precludes the management of food hygiene and safety, enforcing performance and quality standards, and monitoring to ensure attainment of these goals
• Helps control and direct the food preparation process efficiently and professionally
• Ensures that the kitchen runs on schedule and that food and related services are of a high grade
• Supports the Head Chef in planning and coordinating tasks while keeping labor expenses in mind
• Helps create meals using new or current culinary inventions or as the business prescribes
• Approves and polishes dishes before they are delivered and served to customers
• Produces quality menu that could change seasonally as the business requires
• Places equipment, tools or ingredient orders in response to possible detected shortfalls
• When directed by the Head Chef, hires, manages, trains and educates kitchen workers to be par with the highest possible culinary standards
• Follows and strictly implements all food and sanitary rules as well as safety guidelines
• Assists in the preparation of duty rotas for kitchen staff to provide appropriate coverage at all times while accounting for the seasonality of the business and keeping overtime to the minimum
• If and when directed by the Head Chef, keeps recipe files in excellent condition and up-to-date

Qualifications & Requirements

• Associate or Bachelor’s Degree in Culinary Arts or Science, Business, or relevant fields
• Three (3) years of experience as a sous chef
• Completed the WSQ Basic Food Hygiene Course – Food Safety Course Levels 1 and 2
• Updated in control of substances hazardous to health (COSHH) regulations or hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) methods
• Completed the WSQ Basic Food Hygiene Course – Food Safety Course Levels 1 and 2
• Quick in picking up concepts and possesses good logical and analytical problem-solving skills
• Able to grasp business requirements and processes
• Good understanding of computer software such as POS, restaurant management system, and Microsoft Office
• Service oriented, meticulous, attention to deta

1. Lead the kitchen team and oversee the daily kitchen operations.

2. Provides guidance to junior kitchen staff members, including food preparation, cooking, and dish plating.

3. Responsible for maintaining quality of food product and ensuring consistency in delivery and standards.

4. Preparation, presentation, purchasing, training and supervision, including proper recordings of menu items, special costing and all other paperwork required.

5. To ensure the kitchen operates smoothly with sufficient staff on duty at all times and all kitchen equipment are maintained to the highest standards of cleanliness with regular service.

6. Ensures that the kitchen team consistently adheres to uniform, grooming and appearance standards.

7. Maintain effective working relationships with the front line as well as the management.

8. Other ad-hoc duties as assigned.

Job Requirements:

1. Friendly and enjoys meeting people.

2. Preferably with experience in F&B sector.

3. COFFEE SHOP ENVIRONMENT

4. NIGHT SHIFT

5. Must be able to work on weekends and public holidays.

6. Staff Meal will be provided.

Responsibilities

• Assists the Head Chef in carrying out all aspects of the kitchen’s day-to-day operations that precludes the management of food hygiene and safety, enforcing performance and quality standards, and monitoring to ensure attainment of these goals
• Helps control and direct the food preparation process efficiently and professionally
• Ensures that the kitchen runs on schedule and that food and related services are of a high grade
• Supports the Head Chef in planning and coordinating tasks while keeping labor expenses in mind
• Helps create meals using new or current culinary inventions or as the business prescribes
• Approves and polishes dishes before they are delivered and served to customers
• Produces quality menu that could change seasonally as the business requires
• Places equipment, tools or ingredient orders in response to possible detected shortfalls
• When directed by the Head Chef, hires, manages, trains and educates kitchen workers to be par with the highest possible culinary standards
• Follows and strictly implements all food and sanitary rules as well as safety guidelines
• Assists in the preparation of duty rotas for kitchen staff to provide appropriate coverage at all times while accounting for the seasonality of the business and keeping overtime to the minimum
• If and when directed by the Head Chef, keeps recipe files in excellent condition and up-to-date

Qualifications & Requirements

• Associate or Bachelor’s Degree in Culinary Arts or Science, Business, or relevant fields
• Three (3) years of experience as a sous chef
• Completed the WSQ Basic Food Hygiene Course – Food Safety Course Levels 1 and 2
• Updated in control of substances hazardous to health (COSHH) regulations or hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) methods
• Completed the WSQ Basic Food Hygiene Course – Food Safety Course Levels 1 and 2
• Quick in picking up concepts and possesses good logical and analytical problem-solving skills
• Able to grasp business requirements and processes
• Good understanding of computer software such as POS, restaurant management system, and Microsoft Office
• Service oriented, meticulous, attention to detail

• Analyze the menu and oversee kitchen setup and ingredient prep, delegating tasks as needed
• Oversee kitchen operations, ensuring that everything runs smoothly and customers receive their food in a timely manner
• Cook entrees and prepare other menu items such as appetizers, salads, dressings, sauces, and desserts
• Ensure that food is unspoiled and kitchen equipment is functional, ordering supplies and restocking ingredients as needed
• Train new kitchen staff in operations and techniques, providing leadership, guidance, and instruction
• Oversee the cleaning and sanitizing of kitchen equipment and workstations

Responsibilities:

l Responsible for food preparation and cooking to standard operating procedures;

l Ensure smooth operations and allocation of duties within the kitchen;

l Ensure that all orders are fulfilled in a timely manner and to expected standards;

l Attend to kitchen-related duties stock- checking and inventory and ordering;

l Practice and ensure good hygiene and housekeeping standards within the kitchen;

l Ensure food is stored, prepare and presented in a safe and hygiene manner;

l Uphold high standards of food quality to ensure customer satisfaction.

Requirements

l Profound knowledge of different kinds of beverages

l Ability to manage numerous tasks, assign responsibilities and display high patience

. Must be able to work night shift or split shift

. Must be able to work extra hours or weekend if needed

We are a new upcoming Chinese themed bar on 2024 January, and we're currently looking for cook or kitchen assistant. As this is a new establish company, there is not much rules and regulations, or so called terms.

Your job scope will be

• Preparing and cooking in the kitchen
• Daily stock take and ordering
• Ensuring the kitchen environment is clean
• Adhere to SFA rules and regulations
• Any Ad-hoc duties assigned by superior

So the benefits here will be

• Young boss with young mindset - yes I did work with others before thus I wanted everyone to be paid fair and comfortable.
• You can suggest your idea to me anytime and I will take into consideration, you might get paid extra or even promote if you bring value to the company
• I don't need any qualification on your side as long as you are able hold the wok and make a decent fried rice.

Long story short, we are looking for a cook who at least know how to fried rice. No need to provide a formal resume, as long as you can impress me in the interview session. Throw in your application now!

• Lead kitchen staff by setting goals and providing direction
• Plan menus, create and test recipes, and estimate food requirements
• Ensure that all health and safety regulations are met
• Order ingredients and supplies as needed
• Control food and labor costs
• Train and supervise kitchen staff
• Assess staff performance and provide coaching and guidance
• Develop and implement quality control programs

• Monitor daily food preparation
• Resolves issues in a tactful way.
• Assist in bi-monthly stock take and ensure quality and account for each delivered item
• Mentor kitchen team on maintaining recipe, cooking and preparation procedures & standards
• Perform routine inspection and evaluation of work station; including food presentation, quality, food hygiene, kitchen cleanliness and safety
• Conduct orientation, training for new trainees
• Adhere to company’s standard operating procedures
• Any other appropriate duties and responsibilities as assigned
• Able to work night shift and split shift
• Able to do OT on weekends and public holiday

Requirements

• Minimum 3 years of relevant experience in F&B industry
• Have good product knowledge on food items
• Candidate must possess basic computer knowledge and strict sense of hygiene and safety standards
• Excellent organizational skills and communication skills\
• Must be able to work night shift and split shift
• Must be able to work extra hours or weekend if needed

• Monitor daily food preparation
• Resolves issues in a tactful way.
• Assist in bi-monthly stock take and ensure quality and account for each delivered item
• Mentor kitchen team on maintaining recipe, cooking and preparation procedures & standards
• Perform routine inspection and evaluation of work station; including food presentation, quality, food hygiene, kitchen cleanliness and safety
• Conduct orientation, training for new trainees
• Adhere to company’s standard operating procedures
• Any other appropriate duties and responsibilities as assigned
• Able to work night shift and split shift
• Able to do OT on weekends and public holiday

Requirements

• Minimum 3 years of relevant experience in F&B industry
• Have good product knowledge on food items
• Candidate must possess basic computer knowledge and strict sense of hygiene and safety standards
• Excellent organizational skills and communication skills
• Must be able to work night shift and split shift
• Must be able to work extra hours or weekend if needed.

• Participates in the preparation of food items according to guest orders of consistent quality following recipe cards, production, portion, and presentation standards
• Be responsible for and accountable for the overall food cost kitchen supplies, kitchen energy costs and kitchen utensils
• Perform any other reasonable duties as required by the department head from time to time
• Prepares and properly garnishes food orders as they are received in accordance with recipes and proper plate presentation
• Always adheres to Lapita Autograph Collection standards of preparation, recipes and presentation
• Maintain buffet and assist guests with serving
• Accepts and prepares special orders
• Ensures seasoning, portions and appearance of food
• Stores unused food properly and informs Sous Chef of larger quantities of stored food

• Responsible for food preparation and cooking to standard operating procedures;
• Ensure smooth operations and allocation of duties within the kitchen;
• Ensure that all orders are fulfilled in a timely manner and to expected standards;
• Attend to kitchen-related duties stock- checking and inventory and ordering;
• Practice and ensure good hygiene and housekeeping standards within the kitchen;
• Ensure food is stored, prepare and presented in a safe and hygiene manner;
• Uphold high standards of food quality to ensure customer satisfaction.

Requirements:

• Strong experience in Chinese cuisine including all varieties of noodles and rice
• Profound knowledge of different kinds of beverages
• Deep knowledge of every aspect of Chinese dishes
• Proficient with BBQ and Chinese specialty equipment
• Ability to manage numerous tasks, assign responsibilities and display high patience
• Able to work night shift and split shift
• Able to communicate in English and Chinese
• Able to work ot on weekends and public holiday
• Must be able to work night shift and split shift
• Must be able to work extra hours or weekend if needed

This position is responsible for delivering quality food and maintain kitchen standard.

ESSENTIAL DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

• Food preparation in central kitchen
• Verify that prepared food meets requirement
• Ensure quality control and presentation of the food
• Adhere to safety procedures
• Ensuring proper handling and storage of all food items in accordance with the standards and sanitation regulations
• Handle equipment, appliances, supplies and tools
• Prepare and cook customer’s food order
• Preparing hot and cold dishes and executing request based on required specifications
• Maintain cleanliness and the hygiene of the kitchen
• Understanding with and complying with the mandatory hygiene standards and requirements
• Supervisory role and in-charge of kitchen , ordering
• To oversee cleaning duties
• Perform any other duties assigned

REQUIREMENTS

• Relevant experience, required
• Ability to work independently and in a team
• Physically and mentally fit and able to work in a fast paced and demanding environment
• Basic food hygiene certificate
• Willing to work shifts, weekends and public holidays
• Working Hours : 6 days work week

Responsibilities:

l Responsible for food preparation and cooking to standard operating procedures;

l Ensure smooth operations and allocation of duties within the kitchen;

l Ensure that all orders are fulfilled in a timely manner and to expected standards;

l Attend to kitchen-related duties stock- checking and inventory and ordering;

l Practice and ensure good hygiene and housekeeping standards within the kitchen;

l Ensure food is stored, prepare and presented in a safe and hygiene manner;

l Uphold high standards of food quality to ensure customer satisfaction.

Requirements

l Profound knowledge of different kinds of beverages

l Ability to manage numerous tasks, assign responsibilities and display high patience

. Must be able to work night shift or split shift

. Must be able to work extra hours or weekend if needed

Responsibilities:

l Responsible for food preparation and cooking to standard operating procedures;

l Ensure smooth operations and allocation of duties within the kitchen;

l Ensure that all orders are fulfilled in a timely manner and to expected standards;

l Attend to kitchen-related duties stock- checking and inventory and ordering;

l Practice and ensure good hygiene and housekeeping standards within the kitchen;

l Ensure food is stored, prepare and presented in a safe and hygiene manner;

l Uphold high standards of food quality to ensure customer satisfaction.

Requirements

l Profound knowledge of different kinds of beverages

l Ability to manage numerous tasks, assign responsibilities and display high patience

· Must be able to work night shift and split shift

· Must be able to work extra hours or weekend if needed

l Responsible for food preparation and cooking to standard operating procedures;

l Ensure smooth operations and allocation of duties within the kitchen;

l Ensure that all orders are fulfilled in a timely manner and to expected standards;

l Attend to kitchen-related duties stock- checking and inventory and ordering;

l Practice and ensure good hygiene and housekeeping standards within the kitchen;

l Ensure food is stored, prepare and presented in a safe and hygiene manner;

l Uphold high standards of food quality to ensure customer satisfaction.

Requirements:

l Strong experience in Chinese cuisine including all varieties of noodles and rice

l Profound knowledge of different kinds of beverages

l Deep knowledge of every aspect of Chinese dishes

l Proficient with BBQ and Chinese specialty equipment

l Ability to manage numerous tasks, assign responsibilities and display high patience

· Must be able to work night shift and split shift

· Must be able to work extra hours or weekend if needed