• Supporting project communication systems Installation, Configuration, Integration and Testing at customer site to ensure timely project delivery.
• Working closely with subcontractors to ensure tasks on site are completed on schedule.
• Understanding the system and be able to perform system fault isolation and troubleshooting.
• Collaborating with fellow engineers / engineering team in system setup, system validation and problem resolution.
• Supporting the generation of project documentation

Requirements

Primary Work Location: Jurong East Hub

Working Hours : 8.30am – 6pm

Qualification : Diploma in Mechatronic, Mechanical, Electrical & Electronic

• Leadership: You set the tone for your team’s work environment. By giving clear directions and setting an example, you inspire others to follow suit. For instance, if punctuality is a priority, you’re always on time.
• Communication: Acting as a bridge between upper management and your team, you relay information effectively. You might, for example, convey new company policies and gather feedback from your team to share with higher-ups.
• Performance Management: You track your team’s productivity and quality of work. Suppose a team member is underperforming; you provide constructive criticism and potentially formulate a performance improvement plan.
• Training and Development: You identify skill gaps and recommend training programs. You could mentor a junior team member, enhancing their knowledge for better progress.
• Resource Management: You’re entrusted with managing the tools and materials your team needs. You would allocate these resources wisely to prevent bottlenecks in the workflow.
• Problem-Solving: When issues arise, it’s your job to identify solutions. If there’s a conflict between team members, you would mediate and help find a middle ground.

• Accomplishes construction human resource objectives by selecting, orienting, training, assigning, scheduling, coaching, counseling, and disciplining employees; communicating job expectations; planning, monitoring, appraising job contributions; recommending compensation actions; adhering to policies and procedures.
• Manages sub-contractors by locating, evaluating, and selecting sub-contractors; monitoring and controlling performance.
• Meets operational standards by contributing construction information to strategic plans and reviews; implementing production, productivity, quality, and customer-service standards; resolving problems; identifying construction management system improvements.
• Meets construction budget by monitoring project expenditures; identifying variances; implementing corrective actions; providing non-project annual operating and capital budget information.
• Accomplishes construction project results by defining project purpose and scope; calculating resources required; establishing standards and protocols; allocating resources; scheduling and coordinating staff and sub-contractors; evaluating milestone assumptions and conclusions; resolving design problems; evaluating and implementing change orders.
• Approves construction projects by conducting inspections at critical phases; obtaining approvals from buyers.
• Prevents fines and interruptions by complying with, and enforcing, codes.
• Maintains safe, secure, and healthy work environment by following and enforcing standards and procedures; complying with legal regulations.
• Updates job knowledge by tracking and understanding emerging construction practices and standards; participating in educational opportunities; reading professional publications; maintaining personal networks; participating in professional organizations.
• Enhances organization reputation by accepting ownership for accomplishing new and different requests; exploring opportunities to add value to job accomplishments.

• To lead and manage project team to execute works according to requirement.
• To Coordinate with Contractors on the execution of works Involved in coordination and supervisor of civil and structural engineering works Responsible for planning, managing, and ensuring smooth implementation and monitoring of projects.
• To ensure quality and efficiency at site.
• Coordinate, communication among team members, customers, contractors and ensure all works are carried out according to approved drawing/specification
• Provide on-site solution during supervision works
• To lead the installation teams at construction sites to plan and execute works according to the project schedule;
• To ensure that construction projects are completed as per approved drawings within the required deadline and allocated budget;
• To ensure efficient utilization of manpower, raw materials and consumables for our construction projects at construction sites;
• To oversee the works and resolve any technical issues/ difficulties that may arise on constructions sites;
• To ensure the works at construction sites carried out are complying with safe work procedures;
• Ensure site safety in accordance with safe work procedure
• Minimum 3 years of related working experience.
• Willing to do night shift if required.

Job Description

• Establish BIM Project Delivery for BIM Services such as BIM Implementation, BIM Consultation, and BIM Training. This would include BIM requirements, process, and workflow.
• Lead and manage the BIM Team to adopt BIM tools or other technologies in BIM Implementation Projects.
• Ongoing review of BIM Project Models, workflows, and methodologies to ensure timely delivery of project deliverables.
• Prepare, maintain, and update project BIM Execution Plan, meet project team consultants/ client/ authority to finalize project BIM Executive Plan, monitor the progress of project’s BIM program.
• Research, and promote BIM-related advanced technology towards integrated practice.
• Build up and develop the technical team for the company.
• Well-versed in new technologies. (VR/AR, Cloud, Web-based communication, construction management platform, etc.)

Requirements

• Degree in Electrical & Electronics / Mechanical / Mechatronics / Civil / Structural / Architectural Engineering or formally trained in BIM (Diploma or Modelling Training Certification) or Tier 2 DDM (Digital Delivery Management) accredited by Building Smart Singapore.
• At least four (4) years of engineering experience in BIM-based construction, design, drafting, coordination, drawing production, and submission to the local authority.
• Experience in large to mega large public projects, building and infrastructure projects in various regions e.g., Asia, Middle East, etc.
• Certification in BIM Management from BCA is preferred.
• Committed and responsible towards job
• Able to take ownership, proactive firm
• Strong leadership, coaching skills and organising abilities.
• Able to work independently.
• Office Location is at Neythal Road
• 5.5 work day

Job Description:

• Overall in charge of site coordination.
• Manage and oversee the day-to-day construction activities of the project.
• Monitor and control the general workers' deployment on-site.
• Manage job costing against the work scope.
• Carry out work scheduling, material requisition planning, project coordination, and documentation.

Job Requirements:

• Minimum 02 years of related work experience in a similar capacity in the local construction industry.
• Able to multi-task and workvwithin tight schedules and deadlines.
• Strong leadership and problem-solving skills.

Team player and good communication skills with clients, consultants, sub-contractors and site staff.

• Assisted the manager in the day-to-day operations of the production lines.
• Plans and coordinates the workflow on the production lines to achieve production targets according to agreed-upon schedules and quality standards.
• Draws up a duty roster for operatives, allocating work and arranging replacements for absentees.
• Troubleshoots production problems that may arise and assists the Production Manager in planning new project work, such as positioning new production lines or machinery.
• Trains motivates and guides subordinates maintains discipline among the operatives, and provides input to their performance appraisals.
• Report directly to the Assistant Production Manager / Production Manager.
• Champions cost-saving ideas through implementation.
• Establish work standards/workflow to comply to stipulated and safety requirements.
• Any other tasks as and when assigned by the management.

REQUIREMENTS:

• Minimum 2 years experience in the relevant position
• Possess good communication skills and good time management
• 5s experience will be an advantage
• Able to start work on short notice

Are you a detail-oriented individual with a knack for organization and a passion for supporting a thriving team?

We are looking for a Corporate Admin Support to join our vibrant and fast-paced environment. This role is perfect for someone who loves to keep things running smoothly and enjoys being the backbone of a successful team.

Responsibilities

• Assist in managing the end-to-end new hire induction experience
• Scheduling and coordinating meetings, and preparing minutes that capture all the important details.
• Track and monitor key tasks and top talent
• Support performance management implementation
• Consolidate monthly reports and track data
• Upkeep organizational charts and appointments
• Take on ad hoc duties with enthusiasm and a can-do attitude, always ready to lend a helping hand.

Requirement :

• A minimum of Diploma or equivalent, with a strong foundation in administrative tasks.
• Proficiency in Microsoft Office Tools, especially MS Excel and power point a must , to handle data and create reports with ease.
• A team player with excellent communication skills, capable of interacting with people at all levels and building strong working relationships.

Why You'll Love Working With Us:

• Be part of a supportive and collaborative team that values your contributions and encourages your growth.
• Enjoy a dynamic work environment where no two days are the same, and there's always something new to learn.
• Take pride in knowing that your work directly supports the success of our team and organization.

• Engage in the installation, repair and maintenance of various technology-based equipment.
• Conduct regular checks and troubleshooting to ensure the technical equipment operates at its optimal performance.
• Provide on-site assistance with hardware and software use and address and resolve technical issues faced by clients or customers.
• Carry out diagnostic tests and analyses to identify the roots of technical issues.
• Liaise with team members and communicate with stakeholders in layman's terms to assess needs and system requirements.
• Record and document instances of hardware failure, repair, installation and removal.
• Stay up to date with technical developments and advancements in allied fields.

Requirements

• working hours : 7:30am - 5:15pm (5.5 days)
• Nitec in Mechanical/Mechatronics

Responsibilities

· Installs and repairs wiring, fixtures, and equipment for all electrical services aboard ship and in shipyard facilities, following blueprints and wiring diagrams

· Installs conduit to bulkheads with brackets and screws, using hand tools, and threads wires through conduit to terminals, for example connection boxes, circuit breakers, voltage regulators, and switch panels.

· Tests electrical characteristics, for example, voltage, resistance, and phase angle, in circuits, using voltmeters, ohmmeters, and phase rotation indicators

· Troubleshoots electrical equipment and circuits using appropriate test equipment to detect and effect required maintenance, repairs, or replacement requirements

· Performs maintenance and repair of generators, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, electrical motors, distribution panels, alarm and lighting circuits

· Conducts insulation resistance measurements of electrical cables to determine condition and effects repairs or replacements as required.

· Maintains electrical system maintenance histories notating date, and extent of repairs and/or alterations

· Adhere to Bizsafe safety standards and ISO quality standards

· Electrical automation control system: to install, troubleshoot, repair and modify the new control system.

Requirements

·Willing to work in outdoor harsh conditions e.g heat, oil, noise and dust

·NTC/Higher NTC in Electrical/Mechatronics/M&E Engineering and related field.

·Preferably with at least 1- 2 years working experience in electrical repairs and maintenance.

·Preferably to have experience in DC/AC motors, Generators, Switchboards and Circuit breakers.

·Able to perform troubleshooting and fault rectification during daily operations

·Positive-attitude

·** High OT

Job Description

• Take lead role as trainer for Surveillance security training courses.
• Provide technical training to customers and end users at our Training Centres and other sites as necessary in support of Security Products business needs.
• Responsible for managing of training facilities and equipment.
• Review training material to ensure that they are up to date with the latest development and assist to design of training programs or materials.
• Manage proper documentation for training requirements to ensure compliance with policies for auditing purposes.
• Industrial attachments with our Partners, so to stay relevance and current when conducting Training

Job Requirement

• Minimum Diploma in M&E or relevant industry.
• With at least 3 to 5 years of experience in the surveillance security CCTV industry, technical training experience or combined training/customer service experience.
• ACTA or ACLP certified required
• WSQ Advanced Certificate in Security
• Excellent verbal and written skills in English are required; present professional and easily understood technical topics to groups.
• Location is at Shan Road
• 5 days work week, require to work on Saturday (Half Day) when necessary

Role Overview
The Operations Assistant supports the Operations Manager to ensures smooth operations by handling worker passes, safety training, PPE distribution, timecard collection, and other operational tasks.

Key Responsibilities

• Worker Logistics: Assist in planning and coordinating transportation for workers to and from job sites.
• Pass & Safety Compliance: Record, track, and apply for worker passes (e.g., Jurong Island Pass, safety passes) before they expire. Ensure workers meet mandatory training and certification requirements, keep records updated for compliance audits.
• PPE Management: Maintain inventory of PPE and distribute it to workers as needed.
  Ensure PPE records are up-to-date.
• Timecard & Timesheet Management: Collect and review timecards/timesheets from workers at month-end. Ensure records are accurate before submitting to the Accounts department.
• Training Coordination: Monitor workers' mandatory training and enroll them in required courses.
• General Support: Assist the Operations Manager with ad-hoc tasks related to daily operations.
  

Other Requirements: Ability to work in a fast-paced environment and handle multiple tasks.

• Preparing reports: Accounting assistants prepare financial statements, budgets, and other reports.
• Bank reconciliations: Accounts assistants reconcile accounts and expenditures.
• Handling communication with clients: Accounting assistants communicate with clients and vendors about billing and payments. They follow up on money owed and answer questions about bills.
• Payroll: Accounting assistants track hours, calculate deductions, and manage funds withheld for taxes.
• Processing invoices and payments: Accounting assistants prepare and process invoices and payments.
• Assisting in audits: Accounting assistants may assist with audits.
• Maintaining financial records: Accounting assistants maintain financial records and update procedural documentation.
• Working with spreadsheets: Accounting assistants work with spreadsheets, sales and purchase ledgers, and journals.
• Recording and filing cash transactions: Accounting assistants record and file cash transactions.
• Controlling credit and chasing debt: Accounting assistants control credit and chase debt.
• Liaising with third party providers, clients, and suppliers: Accounting assistants liaise with third party
• Handle partial sets of accounts, including Accounts Payable (AP) and Accounts Receivable (AR).
• Ensure timely recording of creditor invoices and payment transactions and follow up with billings and cheque collections.
• Input daily and monthly sales reports.
• Accounting Assiatant need to submit CPF constributions.
• Retrieve and resend invoices, credit notes, and statements of accounts.
• Participate in cash flow calculations and preparation.
• Accounting Assiatant need to follow up company auditor.
• Perform weekly and monthly bank reconciliations.
• Provide administrative support as required.
• Accounting Assiatant assist prepare GST fillings and records.
• Maintain Project Quotation, PO, WO, LOA Signed documents.
• providers, clients, and suppliers.
• Suppliers Agreements prepare and keep records
• Accounting Assistant need to prepare Monthly Invoice for Suppliers
• Maintain Workers Loan List
• OED Survey Need to submit.
• Accounting Assistant need to handle Small Claims Follow-Up Details.
• Checking and responding to emails on daily basis to get updated on the work
• Being consistent, accurate, and great in minimizing errors
• Support audit and tax queries
• Liaise with banks on banking transactions

WE are looking electrical and mechanical engineer need 4 pax experience excel word autocad speak english and need to submit Progress cliem and site servay co-ordinate with site supervisor and client arrange transportation for each project and monitor all th email and latters every week site meeting with client

Job Description & Requirements

· Able to plan, schedule and forecast procurement activities

· Purchase general and specialized equipment and materials for projects

· Review plans, specifications, and contracts to ensure the correct equipment, material and subcontractor services are ordered and/or purchased

· Consult with suppliers and review quotations

· Determine or negotiate contract terms and conditions, award supplier contracts or recommend contract awards

· Work closely with site personnel

· Ensure lorry drivers' have meet the timelines given.

· Address and resolve issues related to transportation and logistics system.

· Generate Purchase Orders promptly.

· Maintain good relationship and follow-up with suppliers closely.

· Provide administrative support to the office.

Job Description & Requirements

• Assist in coordinating and supervising maintenance and overhauling jobs
• Monitor and update job status daily.
• Supervise mechanical works (Remove/re-installation and Overhauling works of Motors, Generators and Pumps).
• Carry out general repair and maintenance jobs onboard vessels or in workshops
• Dismantle and troubleshoot for mechanical defects
• Perform testing of equipment to ensure smooth operation
• Perform test run and report to superior on the job completion status

Job Summary:

We are looking for a dynamic and experienced HR Coordinatorto lead and manage the HR operations in our Singapore office. The ideal candidate will focus on executing operational HR strategies and initiatives that support the business's goals. This includes overseeing employee lifecycle processes, ensuring compliance with local employment regulations and driving HR process improvements. You will work closely with the regional HR team and business leaders to create an efficient, engaging, and productive work environment.

Key Responsibilities:

Work Pass Management:

• Process and manage work pass applications (Employment Pass, S Pass, Work Permit, Dependant Pass, etc.) for foreign employees.
• Ensure timely renewal, cancellation, and updating of work pass details in compliance with Ministry of Manpower (MOM) regulations.
• Act as the primary contact for all work pass-related inquiries from employees and relevant authorities.
• Keep up to date with changes to work pass regulations and ensure the company remains compliant.

OFWAS (Online Foreign Workers Address Service):

• Administer the OFWAS process for foreign workers, ensuring accurate and timely updates to their residential addresses in the MOM system.
• Assist employees in registering and updating their address information via the OFWAS portal.
• Ensure that all foreign worker address-related requirements are met and in compliance with MOM guidelines.

MWOC (Migrant Worker Onboarding Centre):

• Coordinate the onboarding process for migrant workers through the MWOC, ensuring that all workers complete the mandatory onboarding requirements.
• Provide guidance to migrant workers regarding the necessary documentation and steps for onboarding at the MWOC.
• Ensure that all migrant workers' onboarding documents are processed, and related data is uploaded to the MOM portal.

Training Certificates Upload:

• Assist employees in ensuring that required training certificates (such as safety and compliance training) are obtained and correctly uploaded to the MOM portal.
• Ensure compliance with MOM requirements related to training and certifications for foreign workers.
• Track employee training records to ensure that all certifications are up-to-date and uploaded within the required timelines.

General HR Coordination:

• Assist with employee onboarding, ensuring all documentation (contracts, medical checks, and identification documents) is verified and processed.
• Managed foreign workers' related matters such as security bonds, OFWAS, PCP, and air ticket bookings.
• Provide administrative support to the HR team in handling employee queries and ensuring smooth day-to-day HR operations.

Compliance and Reporting:

• Ensure the company’s HR practices comply with the Employment Act, MOM regulations, and other relevant laws.
• Prepare and submit necessary compliance reports to MOM and other relevant authorities as needed.
• Support in internal audits, ensuring all records related to work passes, OFWAS, MWOC, and training certificates are up-to-date and complete.

Qualifications:

• Bachelor’s degree in human resources, Business Administration, or related field.
• Minimum 5 years of HR experience, with a focus on HR operations.
• Strong knowledge of Singapore labour laws and MOM regulations.
• Excellent communication and interpersonal skills.
• Analytical and problem-solving abilities, with a focus on continuous improvement.
• Ability to work in a fast-paced environment, manage multiple tasks, and meet tight deadlines.
• Demonstrated ability to maintain confidentiality and handle sensitive information.

Creating and managing team schedules. In some cases, organizations have set hours for their entire workforce

Reporting to HR and senior management. Supervisors serve as a bridge between upper management and other employees

bridge between workers and top managment, explain work schedule to workers and check on there work ability

About our company

We are a leading engineering and construction company based in Singapore. With multifaceted project management capabilities and a strong diverse workforce, we provide a full range of services in engineering, procurement, construction and maintenance of power and industrial plants across the world.

Responsibilities:

• Internal Controls Assessment – Conduct reviews of internal controls to ensure they comply with JSOX (Japanese Sarbanes-Oxley) requirements. This involves evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of control mechanisms, identifying any gaps or weaknesses, and recommending improvements. Additionally, ensure that all processes and procedures align with regulatory standards and best practices to mitigate risks and enhance operational integrity.
• Reporting and Documentation – Prepare detailed reports and documentation for risk assessments, audits, and compliance activities, ensuring accuracy and timeliness.
• Compliance Program Management – Manage compliance programs, ensuring all activities adhere to regulatory and internal standards.
• Risk Assessment Coordination – Actively coordinate and conduct detailed risk assessments across various operational activities, ensuring potential risks are identified and mitigated effectively.
• Lessons Learned Maintenance – Maintain and update a comprehensive database of lessons learned from past projects, facilitating continuous improvement and knowledge sharing.
• Any other duties to be asisgned from time to time

Pre-requisites:

• Degree in Accounting, Finance, Engineering or a related field
• Minimum 5 years of relevant work experience
• Prior compliance audit / Risk Management experience is preferred
• Self-motivated individual with a high level of integrity, drive and sense of urgency
• Strong collaboration skills and ability to work independently across different businesses units with different stakeholders
• Meticulous and mature with strong oral and written communication skills
• Strong analytical and problem-solving skills
• Ability to manage multiple tasks and meet deadlines

1. Plan, organise and manage WHS activities within the sites to cultivate good EHS practices.
2. Perform Risk Assessment and draft safework procedures with clients for submission before start of project
3. Conduct induction for new workers on in-house safety regulations
4. Conduct Risk Assessment and safework procedures briefing to the workers
5. Site inspection and conduct safety meeting
6. Report and investigate accidents and incidents at sites
7. Participate in internal audits and review of Safety Management System
8. Maintain HSE controls and process within Company’s policies and government’s regulations
9. Accident investigation and submit I-Report when necessary
10. Develop Emergency Response Plan for audits
11.Prepare forms to be implemented in the workplace such as safety checklist, RA forms etc.
12. Candidate must possess at least a post secondary Diploma with at least 6 years relevant construction project safety experience in singapore
13. must possess professional knowledge in Law and regulations (WSH Act and Environment)

Electrical PLC Engineer

1. Experienced Electrical Design Engineer For HVAC System
2. Report to Engineering Department Electrical Manager.
3. Complete project independently from Receive Project’s specification, Design, Issue and submit drawing, Update the comments from client, FAT, SAT.
4. Issue Wiring Diagram & Termination Drawing for HVAC Control Panel, Include Chiller Unit, Air Condenser Unit, AHU, Cold Room Provision Plant by use Auto Cad software.
5. Issue Documentation for Electrical & Instruments. Include Block Diagram, Control Philosophy, Cause & Effect Control Philosophy, Power Loading List, FAT testing procedure, Control Panel General Arrangement Drawing, Junction Box Drawing.
6. Choose electrical element and Instrument based on project requirement.
7. Use Siemens S7-400 PLC to do the HVAC System PLC program. Experience in CPU Redundancy, Modbus Communication Redundancy.
8. Use S7-1200 PLC to do the HVAC Control System PLC program
9. Use Siemens HMI software to do the Touch Screen Program.
10. Fully understood HVAC System D & ID, P & ID.
11. Marine and Offshore commissioning experience are required.
12. Sometimes will go to site trouble shooting.
13. Contact with client about the project requirement.
14. Contact with supplier about the control panel, Electrical Component and Instrument requirement.

Electrical Engineer

1. Experienced Electrical Design Engineer For HVAC System
2. Report to Engineering Department Electrical Manager.
3. Complete project independently from Receive Project’s specification, Design, Issue and submit drawing, Update the comments from client, FAT, SAT.
4. Issue Wiring Diagram & Termination Drawing for HVAC Control Panel, Include Chiller Unit, Air Condenser Unit, AHU, Cold Room Provision Plant by use Auto Cad software.
5. Issue Documentation for Electrical & Instruments. Include Block Diagram, Control Philosophy, Cause & Effect Control Philosophy, Power Loading List, FAT testing procedure, Control Panel General Arrangement Drawing, Junction Box Drawing.
6. Choose electrical element and Instrument based on project requirement.
7. Fully Understand PLC control system.
8. Fully understood HVAC System D & ID, P & ID.
9. Marine and Offshore commissioning experience are required.
10. Sometimes will go to site for trouble shooting.
11. Contact with client about the project requirement.
12. Contact with supplier about the control panel, Electrical Component and Instrument requirement.

WE NEED EXPERICEND FOR METAL WOKS , ALUMINMUM WORKS , WETRADE WORKS AND TILES WORKS FOR CONSTRUCTION (HDB / CONDO ) , NEED HAVE EXCELLENT IN CHINESE AND ENGLISH COMMICATION SKLII AND ACKNOWLEGE DESIGN WORK ,NEED TO GO THROUGH WITH SITE COODINATOR FOR BQ AND MATERAILS ORDER AND DRWAING SUBMISSION WORKS ，ALLOW TO FOLLOW AND COORDINATE WITH SITE WORKS AND PROGRESS WITH MAINCON , SITE MEETING

Should be approachable and motivating.

Good managers can also uphold standards, talk honestly to employees about their performance and be able to discipline when needed.

Communication and interpersonal skills are also vital to the success of managers.

might need to act mainly as a project manager when approaching a deadline, or they may need to prioritize their role as a recruiter in response to the creation of new positions due to an expansion.

Should be approachable and motivating.

Good supervisor can also uphold standards, talk honestly to employees about their performance and be able to discipline when needed.

Communication and interpersonal skills are also vital to the success of managers.

might need to act mainly as a project supervisor when approaching a deadline, or they may need to prioritize their role as a recruiter in response to the creation of new positions due to an expansion.

• Develop and implement operational policies and procedures for efficient operations.
• Enhance systems, processes, and best practices.
• Manage day-to-day operations, overseeing the operations team and department.
• Ensure organizational processes comply with legal regulations and standards.
• Uphold health and safety guidelines and enforce compliance.
• Monitor employee and team performance, offering coaching, training, and feedback for improvement.
• Handle budgets, forecasting, and resource allocation to meet strategic goals.
• Collaborate cross-departmentally to align operations with organizational objectives.
• Cultivate and maintain relationships with vendors and suppliers.
• Negotiate contracts for favorable pricing with suppliers and vendors.
• Optimize business travel processes, secure corporate rates, automate expense reports, and ensure compliance.
• Implement quality assurance measures for products/services and monitor production KPIs.
• Enhance customer service quality and satisfaction.
• Analyze data to identify process improvement opportunities and cost savings.
• Manage supply chain processes, including inventory, production, sales, and sourcing.
• Optimize workflows and processes for efficiency and cost-effectiveness.