Main Responsibilities:

· Assist with product design, mood boards, and staying updated on interior design trends.

· Create proposals for clients, focusing on home design furnishings.

· Visual merchandising (VM) of the showroom.

· Design and arrange store layouts and window displays for different campaigns.

· Assist clients with knob and handle designs tailored to their spaces.

· Support the floor team with sales and client interactions.

· Work with the sales team to propose design solutions to clients.

· Conduct fortnightly product presentations at business firms to showcase LavaVella’s offerings.

· Develop new knob and handle designs aligned with LavaVella’s brand aesthetics.

· Create 3D drawings for clients and custom designs to meet their specifications.

Design Tools/Software:

• Proficient in AutoCAD, SketchUp, Photoshop, and Canva.
• Comfortable with Microsoft Office tools (Word, Excel, PDF).

Sales Skills/Experience:

• At least 1 year of sales experience.

Education/Experience Level:

• Fresh graduates are welcome to apply.

Soft Skills:

• Strong communication skills to effectively engage with clients.
• Problem-solving skills to propose suitable designs within clients' timelines.

Work Schedule:

• 5-day work week, including Saturdays.
• Sunday & Public Holidays off, with alternate Saturdays off.
• Monday - Friday: 10 am - 7 pm.
• Saturday: 10 am - 5 pm.

Additional Requirements:

• Knowledge of interior design trends is a plus.

我愛台妹 I Love Taimei was born for the love of food, particularly Taiwanese food and we would like to welcome you to join our Marketing Team (Social Media and Graphic Design).

Freelancer and Fresh Graduates are all welcome!

Job Responsibilities:

• Contributing ideas and assist in overall marketing strategy and campaigns
• Design media content for social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, TikTok and YouTube, etc
• Conduct photography/videography sessions
• Do video and photo editing
• Maintain media contacts and customer relations database
• Manage customer service and enquiry matters
• Conduct market research and keep up to date with latest trends
• Executing artwork collaterals where necessary
• Working as part of a fun team
• Assist ad hoc duties as assigned by Marketing Team.

Requirements:

• Diploma in visual communication or related fields
• ‍Ideally 1 Year of relevant experience on social media, preferably in the E-commerce or the Food & Beverage industry
• Familiar with use of social media I.e. Instagram, Tiktok, Youtube, Facebook
• Constantly in touch with the latest trends, viral topics and have a creative mind
• Strong photography & videography skills
• Proficient in Adobe Lightroom, Photoshop, and video editing softwares
• Basic graphic design skills and knowledge in Adobe Illustrator
• Strong ownership mindset, meticulous to detail, results and data driven
• Able to work under tight datelines with minimum supervision
• Eager to learn and expand skillset
• Task-driven, independent working attitude, and self-learner

Job Highlights

• Uncapped income ceiling
• Full guidance from start to end

Job Description

Concrid Interior - Our Design Ideas Are 100% Brain-Made

Successful candidates will be able to tap into our extensive in-house sales support to achieve a good stream of uncapped income and we believe in work-life balance.

What you'll be doing

• Handle sales inquiries (quality leads will be provided)
• Prepare proposals and quotations
• Manage project reno sites
• Senior Designers will be considered to lead a sales team
• Does not require to perform any showroom duties

What we are looking for

• Strong interest and passion in Interior Design
• Required skills: Excellent sales communication skills, possess a good command of languages, able to provide after-sales service
• Preferably experienced in sales or design

Benefits

• Full commission based
• Uncapped income ceiling, proven earning capacity of $5,000-10,000 monthly for performing consultants
• Mobile and entertainment allowances
• Quarterly bonus packages (up to $10,000)

Others

• Extensive sales training will be provided
• Only quality leads will be provided (untouched)
• One of the best incentive bonuses in the market

If you do not possess the above but think you want to give Interior Design a shot, do hit us up, we would love to have a chat!

Unleash your earning capability with us today!

We are Spaceman, Singapore's most exciting furniture brand and having just increased our store to 5000 sq feet need new part-time sales consultants to help bring joy to our customers spaces.

Spaceman is the leader in space saving furniture with innovative and highly customisable murphy beds, dining tables, sofa beds, storage beds and kids bedrooms.

We also sell lighting, art, and innovative wall coverings under the Curarto brand so there is plenty to get your teeth into.

Generous commission and excellent career prospects available.

Responsibilities

- The Sales Consultant will take and respond to customer and client enquiries both online and offline, and ensure follow up.

- The Sales Consultant will pursue leads and follow up

- The Sales Consultant advises on product selection, and manages the entire sales cycle

- The Sales Consultant may also assist with invoicing, diary keeping, administration and paperwork for the company.

- Need to be willing to work weekends

Skills & education-

- Ability to produce simple 3D visualisations either by hand or using SketchUp, or some other 3D software to be able to propose customised solutions to customers

- Possess at least relevant A Levels and ideally relevant Professional Certificate/NiTEC.

- Excellent organisation, communication and presentation skills.

- Excellent customer service skills. Good computer skills, MS Word, Excel etc.

- Good level of English written and verbal- Able to work independently, self motivated and proactive.

Please send an up to date resume in MS Word/pdf format.

Job Highlights

• Flexible working hours
• Training allowance provided
• Basic with Commission or Full Commission
• $10K Joining Bonus!
• Attractive incentives
• Career progression

Job Responsibilities

• Handling enquiries and consultations to understand preferences and requirements
• Conceptualize and present design proposals
• Prepare quotations and project schedules
• Collaborate with various counterparts and oversee to ensure seamless project execution and handovers

Job Requirements

• *Singaporeans or PR only
• Good interpersonal skills
• Customer oriented
• Dedicated and driven

Only shortlisted candidates will be contacted for interview.

Amage Productions is an established communication agency providing specialized creative and production services in property development advertising, corporate branding and social media marketing. With an impressive track record built-up over the years, we have been creative & media partners to some of Singapore’s leading organizations.

RESPONSIBILITIES:

• Strong in conceptualize creatively, visualize and execute graphic design work
• Involves in design conceptualisation, coming up with design concepts and then communicating the ideals internally and to the clients
• Develop work from conceptual, ideation stage to the final design and implementation, planning and production
• Create high-quality content, including text, images, and videos, for our social media platforms
• Expected to adhere to tight timeline
• Any other duties as assigned

REQUIREMENTS:

• Minimum 2 years experience in advertising agency/design or publishing house
• Well-versed in Adobe Creative Suite. Experience in Dreamweaver, Flash would be advantageous
• Strong understanding of social media platforms is preferred
• Superb communication skills and ability to do presentation
• Work competently both independently and in a creative team
• Meticulous, with a strong sense of urgency and good time management skills. Able to work under tight dateline and pressure.

Product Designer (Contract)

Summary
We are seeking a talented Product Designer to join our team on a contract basis. You will design elegant, user-centered solutions that enhance the experiences of millions of users worldwide. If you thrive in tackling complex problems and designing intuitive, stunning interfaces, this role is for you.

Key Qualifications

• Strong problem-solving skills with a focus on mobile design patterns.
• Proficiency in communicating designs through sketches, wireframes, and interactive prototypes.
• Ability to work independently in ambiguous situations and define product direction.
• Flexibility and enthusiasm to work in an iterative design process.
• Excellent verbal and written communication skills.

Job Responsibilities

• Collaborate with cross-functional teams to bring innovative design solutions.
• Translate complex problems into intuitive, user-friendly designs for mobile apps and services.
• Maintain a strong focus on aesthetics, including consistency, color use, and typography.
• Work efficiently under tight deadlines while adapting to evolving project needs.

Education & Experience

• 5+ years of product design experience, with a focus on mobile apps and services.
• Fluency in English and Vietnamese is required.
• A compelling portfolio showcasing your design work is essential.

We regret to inform that only shortlisted candidates will be notified / contacted.

EA Reg No: R22109791, Timothy Teo
Allegis Group Singapore Pte Ltd, Company Reg No. 200909448N, EA License No. 10C4544

Working Venue - Pasir Panjang

We are looking for a talented graphic designer who can take concepts and ideas to a high level of execution through visual representations in both print and electronic media. The successful candidate will have a thorough understanding of branding and marketing creating or finding the right style/layout for every project.

Please provide your portfolio when applying for this position.

Objectives of this role:

1. Work on a wide range of projects and media using various software programs to visualise and develop innovative graphic designs that meet business goals.

2. Work independently as well as cooperatively with the marketing team to meet deadlines. Stay within budgets and timelines base on project briefs which may include 5 or more simultaneous projects.

3. Examine existing processes, identify flaws and create solutions that improve design capabilities.

4. Update and maintain internal database for designs, photography and video.

Responsibilities:

1. Collaborate, brainstorm and strategize with multiple teams or clients on a wide range of materials that may include web pages, presentation decks, design collaterals, signages and marketing materials.

2. Develop design ideas determining the ideal usage of color, texts, imagery and layout.

3. Manage the design and uploading process for all project materials base on best practices or cost-effective way.

4. Use trend intelligence and knowledge of historical and current markets when designing and executing specific classifications.

5. To work closely with the Creative Director and Creative team.

Required skills and qualifications:

1. Three or more years of experience in professional graphic design preferably with a creative or marketing agency.

2. Exceptional creativity and innovative design skills

3. Excellent communication and presentation skills.

4. Ability to manage timelines.

5. Working knowledge of various graphic design software.

6. Good attitude and passionate hunger to achieve creative goals.

7. Ability to work long hours even on weekends.

8. Bachelor's degree in graphic design, art or related discipline.

9. Interested candidates have to submit relevant portfolios before an interview with the Creative Director can be arranged.

Job Description and Responsibilities :

• Develop and execute ideas from conceptualization for events and exhibitions.

• Work closely with the teams to ensure alignment of design to client's requirements.

• Assist in projects where teamwork is required.

• Ensure that all design work is completed to the highest standard.

• Knowledge of software like 3D Max, sketch-up, Auto-Cad, Photoshop, Illustrator.

• Conduct quality checks fabrication.

• Strong technical knowledge.

• Understanding multimedia technology and the process of researching the latest trends.

Requirements:

• Years of Experience: 2 year - 4 years.

• Career Level: Junior Executive & Senior Executive

• Qualification: Diploma, Advanced/Higher/Graduate Diploma.

Job Description and Responsibilities :

• Develop and execute ideas from conceptualization for events and exhibitions.

• Work closely with the teams to ensure alignment of design to client's requirements.

• Ensure that all design work is completed to the highest standard.

• Strong technical knowledge.

Requirements:

• Knowledge of software :3D Max/sketch-up, Auto-Cad, Photoshop, Illustrator.

As a UI/UX Designer, you will play a pivotal role in crafting intuitive, visually appealing, and user-friendly interfaces for our mobile and web applications. You will collaborate closely with our cross-functional teams to ensure that our products meet the highest design standards and deliver outstanding user experiences.

Key Responsibilities:

• Conduct user research to understand user needs, preferences, and pain points. Use data-driven insights to inform design decisions.
• Create wireframes, mockups, and interactive prototypes to visualize and communicate design ideas and concepts effectively.
• Design visually stunning and responsive user interfaces that adhere to design principles, branding guidelines, and industry best practices.
• Focus on enhancing user interactions and workflows, ensuring that the applications are intuitive, efficient, and enjoyable to use.
• Plan and conduct usability testing sessions to gather feedback and make iterative improvements to designs.
• Collaborate closely with product managers, developers, and other stakeholders to ensure that design concepts are feasible and align with project goals.
• Contribute to the development and maintenance of a design system to ensure consistency and scalability across all applications.
• Stay up-to-date with industry trends, design tools, and emerging technologies to continuously improve and innovate the design process.

Qualifications:

• Bachelor's degree in Graphic Design, Interaction Design, HCI, or a related field (Master's degree preferred).
• Proven experience as a UI/UX Designer with a strong portfolio showcasing your work.
• Proficiency in design and prototyping tools such as Adobe XD, Sketch, Figma, or similar.
• Solid understanding of user-centered design principles and usability best practices.
• Familiarity with mobile and web design guidelines and responsive design principles.
• Strong communication and collaboration skills.
• Ability to work effectively in a fast-paced, agile development environment.
• Knowledge of HTML/CSS and front-end development concepts is a plus.

Full Time Marketing Graphic Designer/Admin Assistant

Local/PR ONLY

Salary: $2800 ~ $3200

Job Description and Main Responsibilities:

• Photo and video taking for marketing and promotional purposes
• Basic skills in graphic design, web design & web development
• Technical expertise in Photoshop, Illustrator & Microsoft office (Word, Excel & PowerPoint)
• Create assets for online and offline marketing, including website, social media channels, YouTube, EDM, digital ads, merchandise, name cards & posters
• Timely deliveries of artwork and tasks assigned
• Performing admin and basic accounting duties like filing, data entry, updating documents & organising invoices.
• Assist in general office matters as and when required
• Working hours: 9Hrs/5days (Monday to Friday)

Requirements:

• Diploma or above in any field
• Excellent and positive service attitude
• Preferably have admin experience and basic accounts knowledge.
• Duration: Permanent
• Full time only

Benefits:

• 2 Off days per week
• 7 days Annual Leave
• Medical Subsidies
• Variable Allowances
• Good career progression plans

We are currently looking for a talented and passionate Junior Landscape Architect / Landscape Designer with 1 to 3 years of professional experience to join our dynamic team. As a key contributor to our design group, you will help shape sustainable, functional, and aesthetically pleasing landscapes across various sectors including residential, commercial, industrial, public parks, urban spaces, and masterplans. You’ll work closely with architects, planners, and engineers to bring innovative design ideas to life.

Key Responsibilities:

• Collaborate on landscape project designs from concept to completion.
• Assist in the creation of design drawings, construction documents, and technical specifications.
• Support the preparation of master plans, 3D models, renderings, and visual presentations.
• Contribute to hardscape material and softscape planting selection, budgeting, and timeline management.
• Coordinate with multidisciplinary teams including architects, engineers, quantity surveyors, and environmental consultants.
• Participate in client meetings, construction site technical meetings, presentations, and design reviews.
• Conduct research on landscape design trends, sustainability, and industry innovations.

Qualifications:

• Bachelor’s degree in Landscape Architecture or a related field.
• 1 to 3 years of experience in landscape architecture or related design roles.
• Proficiency in design software such as BIM, Revit, AutoCAD, Adobe Creative Suite.
• Familiarity with planting design, hardscape, and construction techniques.
• Strong visual, written, and verbal communication skills.
• Excellent organizational and time management skills, with the ability to manage multiple projects.
• Knowledge of local building codes, zoning regulations, and sustainability practices.
• Knowledge of local softscape plants.
• A passion for innovative and sustainable landscape design.

Preferred Skills:

• EExperience with 3D modeling software (e.g., Revit, Rhino, Lumion).
• Knowledge of sustainable landscape design principles and LEAF certification.
• Ability to work collaboratively in a fast-paced, creative environment.

What We Offer:

• Competitive salary based on experience.
• Opportunities for professional growth and continuing education.
• A supportive and creative work environment.
• Exposure to a wide variety of projects across different sectors.
• No quota for SPass.

Senior Marketing Communication Executive

• 5 days [ 10am - 6pm ]
• Redhill
• $3,500 - $3,800

Tasks & Responsibilities

• Develop and implement marketing strategies that incorporate storytelling to promote our products/services.
• Create engaging content for various marketing channels, including social media, website, and email campaigns, using storytelling techniques.
• Collaborate with internal teams and external vendors to ensure storytelling is integrated into all marketing materials.
• Monitor and analyze the effectiveness of storytelling in marketing campaigns and make adjustments as needed.

Qualifications & experience

• Bachelor's degree in Marketing, Communications, or a related field.
• Experience in digital marketing and social media management.
• Knowledge of graphic design software (e.g., Adobe Creative Suite).
• Familiarity with marketing analytics tools (e.g., Google Analytics).

Tan Meng Liang Reg No: R23115923

The Supreme HR Advisory Pte Ltd EA No: 14C7279

Senior Marketing & Communication Executive

Location: Gul Crescent [Company Transport @ Chinese Garden, Lakeside, Boon Lay]
Working Hours: 8.15am - 5.45pm
Working Days: 5 Days [Monday - Friday]
Salary: $3,000 to $3,500

Responsibilities

• Attend to customer enquiries through various channels such as email, phone and in person.
• Design and/or edit marketing collaterals (brochure, leaflets etc)
• Oversee library of self-produced and principal supplied brochure, video resources and other Marketing and Sales support materials.
• Conceptualise, plan and execute marketing campaigns; both online and offline
• Handle all activities related to organisation of events (training, product seminars, roadshows, exhibitions – event budget, liaising with vendors, handling, registration, managing exhibition booths etc)
• Maintain website and work with vendor.
• Social media management, review and assist to maximise brand experience and engagement.
• Explore opportunities with different e-commence platforms and partners for collaboration.
• Execution of content creation (videography, photography) and produce product videos.
• Prepare and update price list.
• Any other ad-hoc duties assigned.

Requirements:

• Bachelor’s degree in marketing, Digital Marketing, or related field
• At least 2 years of relevant working experience
• Experience in digital marketing and social media management.
• Knowledge of graphic design software (e.g., Adobe Creative Suite)
• Familiarity with marketing analytics tools (e.g., Google Analytics)

Chew Xing Shan Reg No: R22107044

The Supreme HR Advisory Pte Ltd EA No: 14C7279

WhatsApp: +65 83592812 [Shannon]

[1 year contract, renewable]

We’re looking for a UX/UI Designer with a focus in visual design and Design Systems to join our team. You will be responsible for creating, updating and documenting components in our design system, and crafting mock ups in line with user flows. Your role will involve collaborating with cross-functional teams to ensure consistency and efficiency in design across various digital products.

Key Responsibilities:

· Create user flow, mockups, and prototypes to communicate interaction and design ideas

· Develop and maintain the design system, ensuring it aligns with brand guidelines and user experience principles

· Present designs and key milestone deliverables to peers and stakeholders

· Collaborate with product managers, front-end engineers, researchers, and cross-functional stakeholders to understand requirements, and provide creative solutions

· Execute all visual design stages from concept to final hand-off to engineering

· Evaluate the usability of new and existing products and make constructive suggestions for change

Qualifications:

· 7 or more years of UI/UX experience

· Bachelor's degree in Design (e.g., Interaction, Graphic, Visual Communications, Product, Industrial), Human-Computer Interaction, or equivalent practical experience

· Strong knowledge of UI/UX principles, responsive web design techniques, and accessibility standards

· Excellent visual design skills with sensitivity to user-system interaction

· Experience with industry standard design tools (e.g., Figma, Illustrator, Principle, etc.).

· Experience in building design systems for large-scale products

· Strong portfolio highlighting design principles for web and mobile platforms

Preferred Skills:

· Experience in creating digital brand guides

· Experience in front-end development in relation to Design Systems

Shortlisted candidates will be given a task to demonstrate the above responsibilities.

[1 year contract, renewable]

We’re looking for a UX/UI Designer with a focus in visual design and Design Systems to join our

team. You will be responsible for creating, updating and documenting components in our design system, and crafting mock ups in line with user flows. Your role will involve collaborating with cross-functional teams to ensure consistency and efficiency in design across various digital products.

Key Responsibilities:

· Create user flow, mockups, and prototypes to communicate interaction and design ideas

· Develop and maintain the design system, ensuring it aligns with brand guidelines and user experience principles

· Present designs and key milestone deliverables to peers and stakeholders

· Collaborate with product managers, front-end engineers, researchers, and cross-functional stakeholders to understand requirements, and provide creative solutions

· Execute all visual design stages from concept to final hand-off to engineering

· Evaluate the usability of new and existing products and make constructive suggestions for change

Qualifications:

· 4 or more years of UI/UX experience

· Bachelor's degree in Design (e.g., Interaction, Graphic, Visual Communications, Product, Industrial), Human-Computer Interaction, or equivalent practical experience

· Strong knowledge of UI/UX principles, responsive web design techniques, and accessibility standards

· Excellent visual design skills with sensitivity to user-system interaction

· Experience with industry standard design tools (e.g., Figma, Illustrator, Principle, etc.).

· Experience in building design systems for large-scale products

· Strong portfolio highlighting design principles for web and mobile platforms

Preferred Skills:

· Experience in creating digital brand guides

· Experience in front-end development in relation to Design Systems

Shortlisted candidates will be given a task to demonstrate the above responsibilities.

Job Scope:

• Strong in conceptualize creatively, visualize and execute graphic design work for both event / exhibition projects and company’s own branding
• Involves in design conceptualisation, coming up with design concepts and then communicating the ideals internally and to the clients
• Develop work from conceptual, ideation stage to the final design and implementation, planning and production
• Expected to adhere to tight timeline
• Any other duties as assigned

Job Requirements:

• Minimum two (2) years experience in event company, advertising agency/design or publishing house
• Well-versed in Adobe Creative Suite.
• Superb communication skills and ability to do presentation
• Work competently both independently and in a creative team
• Meticulous, with a strong sense of urgency and good time management skills. Able to work under tight dateline and pressure.
• Bilingual in both English and Mandarin as company is handling C Clients.

Job Responsibilities

· Assist Landscape Architect in producing landscape architectural work from concept to implementation in accordance to client's requirements and aspirations

· Creating innovative design recommendations including applicable plant material recommendations

· Understanding of different climates and conditions to recommend suitable planting

· Assist the Landscape Architect in the production of detailed drawings

· Prepare & produce design presentations

· Assist the Landscape Architect in the administration & documentation of projects leading to its completion.

Job Requirements

· Candidate must possess a Degree in Landscape Architecture or equivalent

· 2 years and above of relevant experience with a strong portfolio

· Proficiency in architectural software

· Working knowledge of plants used in design and specifications required to implement the project.

· Experience in green infrastructure, nature-based climate adaptation and/or community-driven environmental projects

· Experience of the landscape planning process and the knowledge of construction detailing in compliance preferred

· Able to work within a team and in a fast-paced environment

· Good working attitude, proactive and conscientious.

Job Description

• Assist client in developing design brief
• Conduct pre-design research on regulatory requirements
• Conduct site investigation i.e. check RLP, SIP, DIP and other necessary regulations
• Brainstorm ideas and develop initial design
• Ensure initial design complies with regulatory requirements
• Consult authorities on specific regulatory requirements
• Assist client to refine design brief
• Further develop the design in detail to meet requirements for Development Control Submissions and all other relevant regulatory requirements
• Prepare outline specifications to determine preferred materials, quality and construction method
• Develop all spaces in detail (exterior, interior, landscape)
• Refine plan and promotion enhancing feel & space
• Enhance aesthetics thought analytical design detailing
• Ensure design intention is translatable to working drawings through construction
• Ensure that design complies with regulatory requirements
• Provide client with recommendations on materials and construction method that is in line with the design intent
• Work closely with Project Administrator to develop Sketchup model in accordance to exact specifications.
• Conduct site inspections to ensure that design intent is adhered to.
• Troubleshoot design problems, if any.
• Assist with ad hoc design changes, if any
• Conduct site inspection to check the completed work against the design intent.
• Understand and analyse design flaws and defect arising from design

Job Requirements

• A strong passion for architecture, interior architecture and interior design
• Good knowledge in selection of colours and materials
• Proficiency in Adobe Photoshop, Autocad, Sketch-up, 3D max, Revit and Powerpoint
• Relish working in a challenging and fast-paced environment
• At least 5 years of experience (local or overseas)
  Strong portfolio
• A proactive and conscientious team player

Please send your CV & portfolio to [email protected] if you are interested in the position. Thank you!

• Analyze, design and develop Microservices applications using tools such as Docker, Kubernetes, Azure DevOps.
• Build applications in modern cloud architecture design.
• Ensure coded systems meet business requirements.
• Define and implement test cases and metrics.
• Ensure the production of high quality software design and applications.
• Collaborate and work closely with other team members and stakeholders.
• Identify cause, impact and develop resolution plans for any production issues.
• Regularly communicate with all key stakeholders and provide updates on status

Job requirements:
Bachelor’s degree in computer science or equivalent.

• Strong development and architectural skills in Java and Restful API.
• Have at least 3 years of hands-on experience in development.
• Good experience with Continuous Integration / Continuous Deployment.
• In depth knowledge of OO Design patterns and demonstrable experience implementing well-architected designs.
• Familiar and experienced with Containers, Docker, Kubernetes etc.
• Have technical and sound knowledge in OpenShift / AWS managed services / Microservices architecture.
• Strong understanding of Microservices Architectural principles and frameworks.
• Experience in DevOps would be a plus.
• Familiar developing software in an Agile development environment.
• Strong communication and written skills.

· Conduct design research and formulate craft ideas

· Prepare layout plans, perspective drawings, and elevation plans

· Technical drawing using computer-aided design (CAD) for production and the visualization of the final design

· Liaise with customers and relevant parties on design variations or/and specifications

· Coordinate with craftsmen to produce the final product within the stipulated timeline

· Any other ad-hoc duties as per assigned by management