Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd. (“CPR”) was established in Singapore as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (Chugai), a member of Roche group, in January 2012 and started operations on July 2, 2012. Located at Biopolis in Singapore, it aims to generate new antibody drugs based on Chugai’s proprietary antibody engineering technologies, such as recycling antibody®, sweeping antibody®, bispecific antibody.

Position – Senior Scientist in Pharmacology Unit

CPR is seeking a Ph.D. Scientist with expertise in in vitro and in vivo pharmacology studies. The candidate will also be responsible for disease target validation and have a strong background in the area of oncology. The candidate will lead antibody screening for a drug discovery project. Depending on the experience and opportunity, the candidate will also lead antibody drug discovery project and participate in strategic discussions to advance programs through pipeline.

Responsibility

The applicant should be highly skilled in some of the following areas:

· Design and conduct experiments to investigate novel therapies

· Mentor junior researchers and research associates

· Propose a new drug discovery project

Job Requirements

The applicant should be highly skilled in some of the following areas:

• Proficiency in cell culture techniques with various cell lines
• Expertise in molecular biology techniques (generation of cell lines with overexpression, knockdown, and knockout of a gene, PCR, qPCR, Western blotting, ELISA)
• Experience with flow cytometry and cell sorting
• Knowledge of cell lines and animal models in cancer research
• Primary cell isolation and culture techniques
• Experience with drug discovery research would be highly advantageous
• Three to five years of post-doctoral research experience in oncology would be highly advantageous.

The applicant must have completed and be awarded with a relevant Ph.D. degree in Science or related field (not in the process of achieving it) with 1-2 years of working experience in a related field. In addition, the successful candidates must be able to demonstrate their molecular and cellular biology expertise as evidenced by projects, presentations, or peer-reviewed scientific publications.

Scientists with strong passion in medical science for creating and delivering innovative drugs to society which leads to saving patients suffering from unmet medical needs are highly desired. Familiarity or having prior work experience in antibody drug discovery work will be a plus, although not absolutely necessary. You should also possess good command of spoken and written English, excellent organizational and communication skills, team player mindset, as well as the ability to perform multi-task.

Interested applicants are invited to email their detailed resume, as well as their qualifications, availability, current and expected salary to: [email protected]

For more information regarding our Company, you may refer to our website at:

http://chugai-pharmabody.com/

We regret that only short-listed candidates will be notified

Position Summary:

The Senior Accounts Executive will manage comprehensive accounting functions at a managerial level to ensure operational excellence, accuracy in financial reporting, and compliance with regulatory standards. This position demands strategic planning, leadership, and hands-on execution to optimize the company’s financial performance.

Key Responsibilities:

Accounts Management:

1. Advanced Financial Reporting:
   - Prepare, review, and present financial statements, including profit and loss accounts, balance sheets, and cash flow reports.
   - Conduct financial analysis to identify trends, risks, and opportunities to support decision-making at the managerial level.
2. Budgeting and Forecasting:
   - Develop and manage annual budgets in collaboration with senior leadership.
   - Prepare financial forecasts to guide strategic planning and investment decisions.
3. Accounts Payable and Receivable Oversight:
   - Supervise invoicing, collections, and vendor payments to ensure timely processing.
   - Ensure accurate reconciliation of financial transactions and bank statements.
4. Tax and Compliance Management:
   - Ensure accurate tax filings and compliance with local and international financial regulations.
   - Manage relationships with external auditors, tax advisors, and regulatory bodies to ensure audit readiness and compliance.

Founded in 1996, Huabao Flavours & Fragrances Co., Ltd. is the largest Flavour & Fragrance house in China, engaged in the research & development, production, sales and services of tobacco flavors, food flavours, fragrances and food ingredients.

Our company in Singapore - Huabao Asia Pacific Pte Ltd, is currently looking for a motivated and detail-oriented Lab Technician to join our team.

Key Responsibilities:

1. Assist flavorist in organizing and cataloging flavor raw materials.
2. Prepare simple flavor formulations by blending flavor base ingredients.
3. Collaborate with flavorist to perform sensory evaluations of flavor samples.
4. Operate and maintain routine laboratory equipment to ensure it is in good working condition.
5. Maintain cleanliness and orderliness in the laboratory environment, ensuring compliance with safety and hygiene standards.
6. Assist with laboratory documentation, including recording experiment results, observations, and inventory management.
7. Support the team in carrying out any other tasks required in the flavor development process.
8. Communicate smoothly with the China headquarters to ensure accurate and efficient information exchange.

Qualifications and Skills:

• 2 years experiences in the flavor or food industry, familiarity with GC-MS instrumentation and software is preferred.
• Knowledge of basic laboratory equipment and flavor raw materials.
• Strong attention to detail and ability to work with precision.
• Good communication skills and ability to work effectively within a team.
• Fluent in Chinese, need to communicate effectively with the China headquarters.
• Ability to multitask and manage time efficiently.
• Familiarity with laboratory safety and hygiene standards.

If you have a passion for flavor creation and are eager to work alongside experienced flavorist, we encourage you to apply for this exciting opportunity.

Candidates are expected to:-

• Ensure seaworthiness of the ship in accordance to voyage schedule;
• Lead the ship’s officers and crew in the following, including but not limited to:-

1. Comply with applicable rules, instructions, and contracts of cargo operations;
2. Implement and execute prevailing maritime safety and environmental policies;
3. Enforce security and safety procedures in accordance with local, national, and international laws and requirements;
4. Upkeep and review relevant shipboard documents, certificates, and records, including but not limited to vessel certificates, navigation manuals, and crew qualifications;
5. Review safety and environment-related activities; and
6. Review shipboard contingency procedures.

• Take charge of the Safety Management System, including but not limited to:-

1. Lead and assign roles to senior officers;
2. Ensure the system is kept current through regular audits; and
3. Ensure all records are kept current and accurate.
4. Ensure all ship’s crew possess qualifications that comply with maritime regulations and conventions, such as MARPOL, SOLAS, SCTW, and ISPS; and

• Ensure that onboard training requirements are met.

The ideal candidate should preferably:-

• Possess a valid Certificate of Competency (Deck Officer) Class 1.
• Have at least 4 years of experience as a Ship Master onboard a container vessel.

Job Description

We seek a passionate research scientist to work on the development of novel ultrathin liquid metal oxides for applications in two-dimensional material heterostructure nano-electronics. This project aims to develop scalable techniques to create atomically smooth dielectric interfaces with 2D semiconductors to enable next-generation devices.

• Synthesize and characterize novel liquid metal based ultrathin 2D oxides.
• Design, fabricate, and measure electronic and quantum devices using 2D materials, such as field effect transistors, tunnelling transistors, and gate-defined quantum dots.
• Establish fabrication recipes and material processing capabilities within the research group.
• Automate measurements and analyze data.
• File technology disclosures and technical documentation.
• Prepare manuscripts for publication.

Job Requirements:

• PhD in Material Science, Chemistry, Physics/Applied Physics, Electrical Engineering or related fields.
• Experimental expertise with liquid metal oxides or two-dimensional materials or related processes.
• Experimental expertise with nanofabrication techniques such as lithography, thin film deposition, plasma etching and 2D material processing.
• Experimental expertise with optical and electrical characterization of semiconductor devices.
• Experience with software programming (Labview and/or Python).
• Able to independently plan and execute research.
• Excellent communication and written skills
• Strong collaborative spirit and teamwork.

The above eligibility criteria are not exhaustive. A*STAR may include additional selection criteria based on its prevailing recruitment policies. These policies may be amended from time to time without notice. We regret that only shortlisted candidates will be notified.

Product area

At YouTube, we believe that everyone deserves to have a voice, and that the world is a better place when we listen, share, and build community through our stories. We work together to give everyone the power to share their story, explore what they love, and connect with one another in the process. Working at the intersection of cutting-edge technology and boundless creativity, we move at the speed of culture with a shared goal to show people the world. We explore new ideas, solve real problems, and have fun — and we do it all together.

Job description

Product and Business Strategy Leaders bring together teams across Google’s functions to help products execute optimally. Our team pushes Google to scale at key points that refine our products and infrastructure by executing efficiently, bringing solid business sense and sound judgment, and working effectively across organizational lines.

Our roles often include components of strategy (e.g. analyzing and understanding new trends in the industry, building business plans), operations (e.g. running the cadence of organizations, connecting the operating lines between our functions), and communications. Our team partners with senior leadership to run important functions that cross-cut our existing organizations and deliver high impact projects. We help Engineers, PMs, UX, and all of our other functions to build amazing products that delight our users, and then get those products into their hands.

Additional job description

The YouTube Business Central Strategy and Operations Team is responsible for leading global, cross-functional, strategic initiatives to drive the growth and health of the YouTube creator and partner ecosystem. The core capabilities of the team include strategic planning and business operations, incentives design and operations, and business strategy and operations for three regions: Americas, EMEA, and APAC.

In this role, you will be a key partner to YouTube APAC Partnerships teams and leadership, helping them to bring our products to market, and be an advocate for creators and publishers helping to bring their feedback to product teams to ensure it meets the needs of all of our creators and partners.

Qualifications

Job responsibilities

• Identify problems and issues across the organization and define/lead programs and processes to solve them.
• Influence team members and executive management to act and drive projects to completion.
• Establish and lead operating processes and tools for effectively managing the organization and achieving goals.
• Own the product go-to-market strategy in APAC for key verticals/products. Work seamlessly with Global Product Activation team and the APAC YouTube Partnerships team to drive business outcomes and product adoption goals, while also leading cross­-functional projects working with broad stakeholder set.
• Synthesize and prioritize regional product feedback and make recommendations on product roadmap to global. Collaborate with global product, regional, and country teams on pilots, program assessments, and cross-functional engagements to drive market growth and support business plan.

Minimum qualifications

• Bachelor's degree or equivalent practical experience.
• 4 years of experience in management consulting, product management and strategy, or analytics in a technology company.
• Experience working with and analyzing data.

Preferred qualifications

• Experience managing multiple projects.
• Experience working with product and engineering teams.
• Experience with R, SQL, spreadsheets, or similar analytics tools.
• Knowledge of YouTube large partners or MediaCo/Music operations as well as the customer and competitive contexts in which they operate.
• Excellent written and verbal communications skills, with the ability to structure a compelling storyline and build presentation decks/documents to support their position.

Founded in 2006, IGG is a leading global mobile games developer and publisher committed to making amazing innovative games for players all over the world. Our games are available in 23 different languages, and are enjoyed by 38 million monthly active users from over 200 countries and regions.

At IGG, we are innovators at work, gamers at heart.

We are currently on the lookout for a Game Design Intern to join us!

Responsibilities:

Collaborate with the game design team to create game concepts, mechanics, and systems

Assist in designing and balancing game levels, and challenges

Conduct playtesting and provide feedback on game mechanics and user experience

Assist in creating and maintaining game design documentation and spreadsheets

Requirements:

Has education background in game design or game development

Proficiency in Unity is a bonus.

Excellent communication and teamwork skills.

Ability to work independently and take initiative.

What’s in it for you!

Excellent projects and team members conducive to personal growth

Vibrant work environment

Well stocked pantry

Job Description

1. Scrutinizing maintenance and material costs, as well as contracts to ensure the best deals.

2. Liaising with site supervisors, clients, contractors, and subcontractors.

3. Preparing reports, analyses, contracts, budgets, risk assessment, and other documents.

4. Advising managers and clients on improvements and new strategies.

5. Keeping track of materials and ordering more when required.

6. Documenting any changes in design and updating budgets.

7. Establishing and maintaining professional relationships with external and internal stakeholders.

8. Traveling from the office to various sites as required.

9. To prepare cost plan and cost report for construction projects

10. Liaise with contractors to process progress payment, variation orders and final account

11. Update accounts and ensure proper documentations

12. Communicate with the management, contractors and sub-contractors on the adjustments to cost estimates.

13. Reviewing construction plans and preparing quantity requirements.

Requirements

• Candidate must possess at least Diploma, Bachelor's Degree in Quantity Survey or equivalent.
• At least 5 Year(s) of working experience in the related field is required for this position.
• Required Skill(s): Microsoft Office , AutoCAD
• Preferably experienced candidate specialized in Quantity Surveying or equivalent.

Interested applicants are invited to apply directly at the NUS Career Portal

Your application will be processed only if you apply via NUS Career Portal

We regret that only shortlisted candidates will be notified.

Job Description

The Visiting Appointments Scheme is a scheme that enables academic staff to be invited to share professional expertise in key areas identified as important by NUS. Visiting appointments must be highly selective as such appointments to visit NUS should be seen as recognition of the appointee’s status and professional standing and should make a substantial impact on the University’s academic and research profile.

Visiting staff will normally engage in research and teaching activities and/or be involved in the review of specific programs which are of importance to NUS.

Qualifications

Required qualifications are:

1. an earned doctoral degree in a relevant discipline
2. a strong track record of publications in international peer-reviewed journals
3. ability to contribute to research relevant to the development of computer vision AI model for healthcare

Responsibilities

Main responsibilities include:-

• Contribute to supervision of students in the development of computer vision AI model for healthcare
• Contribute to AI related research with the new NUS AI centre

More Information

To apply, please submit a cover letter specifying your research and/or teaching interests and experience, your curriculum vitae, names and contact details of 3 references.

Our webpage: www.sph.nus.edu.sg

If you are a former MOE Tamil Language teacher, or a Trained Teacher with a professional teaching qualification in Tamil Language, we welcome you to join us!

To apply, please go to the Careers@Gov job post at www.go.gov.sg/moe-ttr-tl. Click "Apply Now" to complete the FormSG application form. Kindly specify your subject proficiencies and preferred teaching subjects, and remember to attach all your educational transcripts with your application. Please note that only applications submitted via the FormSG application form will be considered.

Key Personnel (KP)

Former KPs may be considered for reappointment as a KP. Please note that if there is no suitable KP position available, we will consider your application for a classroom teaching position instead.

Successful candidates will be appointed on a contract basis in the first instance.

Applicants can expect to receive an update from us within 4 to 6 weeks from your application date.

Should you encounter any difficulty in submitting your application, please contact us at [email protected] for assistance.

Interested applicants are invited to apply directly at the NUS Career Portal

Your application will be processed only if you apply via NUS Career Portal

We regret that only shortlisted candidates will be notified.

Job Description

The National University of Singapore invites applications for the position of Research Fellow in the Department of Computer Science, School of Computing. The School of Computing is strongly committed to research excellence in all its dimensions: Searching for fundamental results and insights, developing novel computational solutions to a wide range of applications, building large-scale experimental systems and improving the well-being of society. We seek to play an active role both internationally and locally in the core and emerging areas of Computer Science and Information Systems.

The Research Fellow will be responsible for working closely with the Principal Investigator and lab members on topics of Quantum-Safe Security. He/she should possess experience or interest in the following research areas:

• Post-Quantum Cryptography
• Quantum-Safe Security

Job Requirements

• A PhD degree in a relevant area;
• Good publication record; and
• Experience in research.

Job Overview

In today's information-centric world, the core of information technology lies in the semiconductor industry. UMC is a leading global semiconductor foundry company and we are sincerely inviting process engineers to join us. You have the opportunity to develop your expertise in the semiconductor industry and improve the conditions for advanced technologies through design and development experiments to provide a more stable process at lower cost and higher yield! Learn to establish a cooperative atmosphere with various manufacturers and engineers to jointly develop strategies and solutions to improve the company's efficiency.

Responsibilities

• Day to Day monitoring and ownership to timely address in-line SPC/defect/Equipment abnormality, handling and disposition
• Manage projects in productivity improvement, particularly for new processes, using process characteristic analytical tool to improve process condition and technology
• Establish process parameters for a variety of semiconductor equipment to ensure line stability
• Evaluation and development of new equipment/materials/process

Qualifications

• Minimum requirement of a Bachelor's Degree in Electronic Engineering , Electrical Electronic Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Materials Science, Mechanical Engineering and Physics
• Demonstrated experience of at least 2 years in semiconductor foundry module process
• 22/28 nanometer and below advance technology nodes experience is highly desirable
• Strong understanding of process development, optimization and troubleshooting.
• Proven leadership skills in leading cross-functional teams and managing projects related to process improvement or technology transfer
• Ability to analyze complex process issues, identify root causes, and implement effective solutions
• Experience skills including SPC, 8D reporting, DOE, FMEA and PMO is preferred
• Able to commit shift work

Job Responsibility

• Divison Director of 2.5D and 3DIC integration and device team
• Project Management and technology development of 2.5D and 3DIC integration and device.
• Communicate with customer and internal cross function team member to fulfill technology request
• Propose design rule and design test structure to quantify new process and device
• Problem solving of new technology development
• New tape out and pilot run management

Capability

• Solid semiconductor device physics and analysis skills.
• Proficiency in FMEA and control plan.
• Project management and development skill
• Excellent communication and teamwork skills.
• Self-motivated and avid learner.

Qualification

• At least bachelor's degree in Microelectronics, Electronics, Electrical, Physics or other relevant fields.
• Minimum 10 years of working experience in R&D of 2.5D and 3DIC integration and device.
• Proficient in both oral and written English.

We are seeking a highly skilled Actuarial Analyst to join our team. The candidate will support the IFRS17 reporting team by contributing to regular reporting processes and assisting with model enhancement and UAT (User Acceptance Testing) for new products. The role requires a deep understanding of IFRS17 and its analytics, along with the ability to collaborate with multiple departments to improve reporting accuracy.

The Job

• Provide support to the IFRS17 reporting team in preparing and reviewing regular reports.
• Maintain and enhance controls for financial reporting and compliance with IFRS17 standards.
• Assist in the User Acceptance Testing (UAT) of new products and model changes.
• Conduct thorough analysis to improve the quality of IFRS17 results and reporting accuracy.
• Collaborate with cross-functional teams to identify areas of improvement in existing processes.
• Ensure timely completion of tasks related to financial reporting and control enhancement.

The Talent

• Finance discipline and IFRS17 accounting knowledge is required, with a number of years of work experience in the Life Insurance industry
• Strong numeracy background with an ability to take on new financial/technical concepts
• Proven ability to deliver high quality analysis and commentaries
• Strong communication skills (English written and oral) and can work collaboratively with others, including with international and virtual teams
• Track record of proactiveness, ability to learn fastly, manage changes and deliver results within the tight deadlines.
• Strong proficiency at Microsoft Office (Excel, Powerpoint, Word), including ability to deliver impactful written reports and presentations

Next Steps

• Drop your resume and contact us to follow-up, or send your resume to [email protected]
• Email Topic: Actuarial Analyst
• Only shortlisted candidates will be contacted

Isaac Tan Yang En

EA Licence No: 91C2918

Personnel Registration No: R24123927

Responsibilities: -

As a Lead Student Care Mentor, you will be working closely with children (7 - 12 years old) and make a positive difference in their lives. Your key responsibilities include:

• executing day to day operations in the centre
• ensuring safety and well-being of the children at all times
• providing guidance and supervising children in their school and other academic assignments
• coaching and testing children for their school spellings
• conducting in-house enrichment curriculum with quality
• building a positive and respectful relationship with children
• fostering good partnership with parents
• managing and guiding children to develop positive habits and mannerisms
• planning and organising holiday activities or special events for the children during school holidays
• planning and writing quality enrichment lessons
• other related duties as assigned by the Centre Supervisor or Manager

Requirements:

• Passionate in reaching out and empowering primary school children
• Ability to manage a group of 10 to 18 children using positive management strategies
• Ability to coach or guide children in their academic assignments
• Enjoy working in a high-energy and dynamic environment
• Has good interpersonal skills and is a good team player
• Independent, observant, organised, responsible and take initiative
• Open to learning new skills and be trained
• Minimum GCE 'O' level
• Some relevant working experience preferred

In this role, you will have the opportunity to:

• Accurately uses aids and work instructions to make decisions about the proper production flow based on product type or services.
• Prepares materials according to documented procedures using standard lab equipment and maintains accurate and detailed product, process, instrument, and training records.
• Performs lab cleaning and decontamination protocols in accordance to work instructions and maintenance connection software, as well as maintains electronic records of tasks to ensure that work is performed in an accurate, efficient, and appropriate manner.

The essential requirements of the job include:

· Minimum N/O level, Nitec in a Science related field or equivalent by relevant experience.

· Proficient computer skills which include knowledge of the internet, Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word.

·

It would be a plus if you also possess previous experience in:

· Previous laboratory and chemical handling experience. (Preferred)

· Basic knowledge in manufacturing practices.

POSITION SUMMARY:

As part of the Regional Medical Affairs Team, the Regional Medical Affairs Manager will act as the regional therapeutic expert for our Consumer Health, Pain and CNS portfolios (subject to be updated as for business and medical needs). This role will also be responsible for clinical operations, real world evidence such as CRO management, clinical trial documents and clinical operation support to affiliates. In addition, this role will support on medical operation and compliance activities (RMA audits, digital initiatives, SOP knowledge).

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES:

Medical Affairs

• Provide medical and scientific support.
• Act as the regional therapeutic expert for assigned therapeutic areas. Provide Medical affairs support to local affiliates where there is no medical presence as required.
• Work in collaboration with the regional marketing teams and provide strategic medical input into core brand strategies and support medical marketing activities such as promotional material, product launches, omnichannel engagement, brand planning, etc.
• Perform medical assessment for the respective brands for business development opportunities as well as other assets as assigned
• The regional medical point of contact for the TAs for the regional and local medical and marketing teams for providing directions and support on medical action items, including but not limited to KOL engagements, insight seeking, advisory boards, Medical led meetings and initiatives, patient centricity, medical omnichannel communications, etc.
• Manage medical information inquiries for the assigned therapeutic area.
• Conduct regional scientific training on the disease and products.
• Lead life cycle management and data generation activities for the regional/corporate brands.
• Support the building of strong regional advocates and expert panels and speakers for the brands.
• Maintain knowledge of relevant regulations and guidelines and disseminate same to clinical project teams.
• Research and prepare training on therapeutic areas and indications of relevance and maintain an awareness of trends and changes of importance in the management of those indications.
• Initiates and maintains interactions with key opinion leaders and investigators in therapeutic areas of interest. Create and implement KOL mapping and engagement plan.
• Attend and act as an advisor to relevant clinical development projects or clinical meetings.
• Create or support the development of medical/scientific materials and slide decks as needed and ensure the content is reviewed and approved.
• Act as backup for pharmacovigilance case assessment as needed. Work together with the Pharmacovigilance team to perform adverse event causality assessment for local, regional and global products as well as partner products

Clinical Operations:

• Leads all stages of the clinical study development process including: feasibility assessments; protocol design; CRF design; ISF investigational site selection; generation of clinical study reports and the development of study-related documents, informed consent documents, study manuals and plans, trial master files (TMF), case report form design, etc. Identify data gaps and the need for phase 4 RWE studies for data generation.
• Provide clinical operation support to the local team as needed.
• Act as regional medical lead for CRO management, conduct due diligence for onboarding of the CRO and participate in CRO qualification and audit process.
• Work closely with CRO and keep track of project timeline, budget and milestones.
• Takes responsibility for and initiates the review of all clinical study documents and reports such as project management plans, data management plans, interim reports, etc.
• Work closely with the regional medical director/associate director to study objectives by working with team members to set project priorities and milestones and resolve project conflicts.
• Proactively identifies and resolves issues, and participates in process improvement initiatives as required.
• Reviews and approves invoices from study vendors, investigators, consultants, etc. and planning of the clinical study budgets.
• Oversee medical aspects of the risk management and risk mitigation strategies.
• Act as data manager to ensure the correctness of the clinical study data and verify the statistical analysis.
• Present clinical study data at regional and global conferences as a poster or oral presentation.
• Work with regional TA lead, regional marketing team, local medical team, and local marketing team on the dissemination of the clinical study data; participate/organize investigator meetings, steering committee meetings, and interdepartmental meetings.
• Ensures GCP, regulatory compliance, internal SOPs and working instructions are maintained throughout the clinical study lifecycle.

KEY REQUIREMENTS:

• At least 5 years of medical affairs and clinical research/development experience within a pharmaceutical or Biotechnology Company.
• A certified Doctor (MBBS, MD) or a post-graduate scientific degree in medicine, biology, PhD, etc. will be an advantage.
• Solid understanding of medical affairs in the pharmaceutical industry with the ability to connect medical affairs and commercial priorities to work with cross-functional stakeholders as well as experience in people management and project-based activity and successful delivery of initiatives are required.
• Excellent written and verbal communication skills and good presentation skills.
• Travel to markets within APAC would be required.
• Strong Commercial awareness - Ability to work with regional and local commercial stakeholders.
• Unquestionable integrity and positive attitude.
• Great at building relationships, particularly with KOLs.
• Willing and capable of managing multiple projects, tight timelines and responsibilities.