Total 9,301 construction engineer job vacancies in Others category in Singapore

• Operational support and troubleshoot on MES (Manufacturing Execution System) services with software knowledge about the system. Work closely on user acceptance testing, perform solution delivery and support software programs and applications for manufacturing system, tracking system and planning and scheduling system.
• Responsible to perform quality MES (Manufacturing Execution System) releases according to the Release Deployment Management (RDM) Process and deliver the latest feature to the manufacturing fab with zero rollback due to release process issue.
• Collaborate closely with cross-functional teams for end-to-end testing and performance analysis of real-time data applications, solve issues, proactively identify new opportunities, and drive initiatives through to completion.
• Ensure that the potential impact of software development changes is well understood, using data to support understanding of upstream and downstream dependencies.
• Collaborate closely with the Worldwide IT team members.
• Responsible for the implementation and support of MES Operation to the defined Service Level Agreement.
• Work and contribute as a team member in MES team. Establish and maintain effective relationships with customers, developers, and infrastructure groups across all sites.
• Communicate timely status of projects/incidents to the customers, group, and managers.
• Participate discussion to ensure daily operations issues are address promptly and high-quality resolution are provided to users.
• Responsible to participate and support operations 24x7 through on-call rotation, execution of urgent processes as required.
• Knowledge and experiences in programming language C#, .NET Core, .NET Framework and JavaScript will be advantageous.
• Creative and have passion in implementing innovative IT solutions to solve meaningful business problems.
• Good interpersonal and communication skills. Bring in your enthusiasm as you will work with a dynamic team to achieve a common goal through effective collaboration and dedication.
• Experiences in good software project management skill and exposure in agile development methodology will be advantageous
• Designs, develops, modifies, debugs and evaluates programs for functional areas, including but not limited to finance, human resources, manufacturing and marketing. Analyzes existing programs or formulates logic for new systems, devises logic procedures, prepares flowcharting, performs coding and tests/debugs programs. Develops conversion and system implementation plans. Prepares and obtains approval of system and programming documentation. Recommends changes in development, maintenance and system standards. Trains users in conversion and implementation of system.

• Responsible for the successful delivery of assigned projects.
• Manage the site project team and facilitate their ability to complete the project on time.
• Supervise workers and sub-contractors to ensure works are carried out as per schedule and in good quality.
• Project Management to achieve smooth project implementation and completion.
• Project Costing and re-engineering to increase project profit margin, preparation of monthly progress claims and expenditure budget control.
• Led testing and Commissioning of the project team and conducted training for customers after the completion of the project.
• Provide technical support to customers and the site project team in the selection of equipment for the project.
• Involve in technical discussions, and progress meetings with clients, M& E consultants and main or sub-contractors.
• Assist the Safety Coordinator / Safety Officer In charge of the Project Safety System planning, assessment and implementation.
• Performs other duties as assigned.

- Maintain Accounts Payable/Receivable

- Prepare payment vouchers and Cheques

- AR billings

- Data Entry

- Able to work Independently

- Competent in Excel and willing to learn to handle accounting software

- Experienced in MYOB will be more preferable

- Polytechnic Diploma in Accounting or equivalent

- At least 1 year experience in accounting

The Project Manager is responsible for leading the project team to complete projects on time, within budget and meeting quality parameters in line with the standards and expectations of the project.

A summary of the responsibilities of this position are, and not limited to, as follows:

• Running projects independently
• Provide technical expertise as required on project;
• Line Management of employees and their productivity and performance;
• Provide guidance to team in project works in terms of quality and safety standards
• Monitor and ensure that site progress is in accordance to the master program with no delay in works and proper work sequencing
• Efficient management of resources and materials
• Adhere to safety practices in the workplace.

Job Responsibilities:

• Lead in Site Coordination with all trades.
• Prepare submission of shop drawing / Materials / MOS.
• To ensure work is construct in accordance with contract and drawings.
• Planning of Arch. Works and micro scheduling with other disciplines.
• Liaise with sub-contractors, suppliers and etc.
• Implement and ensure QC plan with Quality and Service Dept.
• Procurement and Monitoring of Arch. related materials.
• To carry out inspection/trade demo/ material testing / mock up
• To ensure tiles/walls lay according to setting out plan.
• To verify VO and prepare back charges.
• Attend sub-con meetings.
• To check and ensure compliance with TOP check list and RI (Arch)
• Attend to archi materials, sample board, trade demo and shop drawings submission and submittal reviews comment from consultants.
• To update Arch. progress with scheduling tools.
• Other adhoc duties as assigned by the Immediate Supervisor/ Management.
• Ensure work activities are carried out in safe working environment.

Job Requirements:

• Diploma/ Degree in Civil or a related discipline recognized by the PE Board.
• Relevant qualification of certificates in structural and architectural discipline (eg: NCCS, BCSS, Safety or Lifting).
• Minimum three (3) years’ of relevant experience.
• Able to lead the sub-contractors to ensure smooth progress of works, high quality standards and minimal defects.
• Preferably completed QM project and registered as Coretrade foremen.
• Good knowledge of archi specs and BCA quality requirements.
• Proficient in Microsoft Office and knowledge of BIM.
• Willing to travel around project site offices within Singapore.

Job Description

a) Report to the Project Manager. Responsible for the EHS systems and implementations.

b) The detailed duties and responsibilities includes but not limited to the following:

i) Assist and advise the Project Manager on EHS planning for overall project scope and detailed activities.

ii) Study and fully understand the requirements of company ISO, EHS and sub-contracts agreements.

iii) Liaise, handle and keep proper records in dealing with all related authorities in complying with their respective requirements.

iv) Conduct regular site audits to ensure compliance with EHS requirements. He is authorized to take necessary actions including issuance of partial stop work order as he and the Project Manager deem fit.

v) Handle all accident and incident reports.

vi) Work as a team with project team members and sub-contractors to provide a safe working environment.

vii) Prevention of fines, imposition of demerit points and SWO from the authorities or owners like MOM, NEA and HDB is a key role which is also a key performance measurement of WSHO cum ECO.

viii) Ad-hoc matters as assigned by the PM which is necessary for the execution of the project.

Job Requirement

- Certified NEA, ECO, ECO, ECMO

- At least 3-5 years' on-site experience

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES:

Job Description:

Leasing

· Involve in sourcing, evaluating and securing new tenants for the properties

· Negotiate and monitor terms of lease and sales (when applicable)

· Support Manager in all tenancy management activities

· Ensure proper leasing documentation is in place and timely submission to relevant parties

· Ensure compliance with local authorities and building standards and requirements

· Work with Finance Department on arrears management

· Conduct periodic inspections of all properties own by the Company

Facilities Management

· Support Manager in all operational activities relating to Facilities and Maintenance for portfolio of properties (Office, Commercial, Industrial and Residential)

· Work with Manager and external managing agents (if any) on property related matters

· Maintain and update annual inspection and certificate of facility equipment in compliance with the relevant regulatory requirements

· Review/evaluate and process contractors’ quotations

· Support Manager in managing M&E/Facility related repair and replacement works

· Ensure that contractors/sub-contractors perform their services as per the service contracts

· Manage all contracts to ensure they are reviewed on a regular basis

· Perform any other duties assigned

• Lead and manage a team of QS in the administration and review of procurement and contract management
• · Responsible and lead the team on evaluation and preparation of sub-contractors' claims and issuance of payment response within stipulated timeframe (SOP Act)
• Allocate tasks to QS and provide effective supervision
• Review contract documents and provide cost estimates on tenders
• Oversee and manage main contract progress claim and subcontract payment including variation claim
• Resolving contract disputes and contract claims, assessing entitlement for extension of time and loss/expense claim
• Oversee the management of document control and distribution of drawings, specifications, and all other relevant documents.
• Communicate contract-related information to all stakeholders
• Ensure proper documentation of additional works, alterations or design changes, and lead the team in preparing variation orders
• Advise and administer Extension of Time claim
• Ensure timely finalisation of main contract and subcontract
• Prepare and monitor project cost budget, cash-flow for project, track changes in design/construction work, variations and adjust budget projections accordingly
• Able to independently lead and manage project

min 2 yrs experience in M&E / Construction Industry.Good knowledge of reading engineering building drawings. Good in microsoft office, word,excel, powerpoint,microsoft project,autocad 2D-3D and CAD measurement. Working knowledge of M&E contruction methods.Knowledge of Building information Modeling,BIM (Essential Revit for Architecture) by Autodesk,BIM -01(Revit for Architecture & Structure),Prepare for shop drawings and as-built drawings.Performing quantities and estimation based on the drawing for QS. English Speaking & Writing.

Knowledge required in the following field

• designing and setting up surveillance system and storage system
• computer system troubleshooting skills such as hardware and windows system
• programming language C, C++, Visual Basic, shell script and MS SQL
• IT security and distributed system designing
• Responsible for installation, configuration of software, commissioning of Security System, configuration of Product's software
• Responsible for all aspects during project development from system designs, installation and commissioning
• Testing, Evaluation and Implementation of New Products
• Responsible for all pre and post service documentation and process
• Responsible for product demonstration and training

IT (Networking)

• Cisco Networking Fundamentals
• Cisco Routing Theory & Router Technology
• Cisco Advanced Switching
• Cisco Network Design & Implementation
• System Administration
• LAN Technology
• Video System Basic
• CCNA Certificate

Maintenance, installation, onsite fault analysis and replacement of a wide variety of equipment such as

• Intrusion Alarm systems - Bosch, Craddx & NetWorx
• Access control systems - In-house product, Pacom, Lenel, Bosch
• CCTV systems - Lenel, Axis, Bosch, Panasonic, Pelco, FLIR

Design, plan, installation, testing and commissioning of CCTV Systems, Intrusion Detection

System, Door Access System, Turnstile, Flap Barrier, Mantrap Capsule and Road Barrier System

Jobs Description

• Handle progress claims, progress payment & finalization of accounts.
• Monitor site progress & attend site meeting.
• Source/ Liaise/ Negotiate of suppliers & vendors on quotations & requirements.
• Maintain good relationship with Main Contractor/ Sub Contractor/ Vendors/ Clients
• To handle other assigned duties or related job as required
• Submit samples and site verifivation of works
• Coordinate works

Job Requirements

• Minimum diploma or degree holder in Building / Quantity Surveying / Civil Engineering or equivalent.
• At least 1 Year(s) of working experience in Construction Sector.
• Able to work independently and under pressure
• Knowledge in computer software such as MS Words, AutoCad, MS Excel, etc
• Able to work in fast-paced environment, Processes good working attitude.

Job Description

1. PLAN AND MANAGE ALL DETAIL OF THE PROJECT FROM INSPECTION TO COMPLETION.

2. FORECAST MONTHLY PROGRESS CLAIM AND EXPENDITURE BUDGET

3. CONDUCT REGUALAR MEETING WITH SUB-CONTRACTORS, SUPPLIERS AND PROJECT TEAM

4. MANAGE SUB-CONTRACTORS PERFORMANCE

5. MONITOR EQUIPMENT USAGE AND ALLOCATION

6. ATTEND MEETINGS WITH CLIENTS, CONSULTANTS AND SUB-CONTRACTORS

Requirements

BACHELOR'S DEGREE

MIN 2 YEARS EXPERIENCE

- Carry out daily supervision and coordination of all M&E implementations at site

- Understand and familiar with the contract requirement and specifications.

- Superior of M&E foreman and Supervisors and coordinate with multiple parties.

- Responsible for scheduling, planning, project supervision and documentation

- Ensure work progress meets timeline and updating of progress report

- Liase with sub-contractors and consultants on engineering details ahead of site progress

- Any other ad-hoc duties as assigned.

- More job-related scope will be brief during Interview.

You will be responsible for the end-to-end software development and support for all work related to projects, quarterly change requests, L3 production fixes. This includes software product implementation and administration, application design, development, implementation, testing and support.

You will also be responsible for quality assurance of the team’s delivery in conformance with the Bank-defined software delivery methodology and tools. You will partner with other technology functions to help deliver required technology solutions.

Other responsibilities include:

- Create frameworks, technical features which helps in faster operationalisation of Data models, Analytical models(including AI/ML) and user generated contents (dashboards, reports etc)

- Effectively partner with data scientists in enabling faster adoption of AL/ML model based systems

- Independently install, customise and integrate software packages and programs

- Carry out POCs involving new data technologies

- Design and develop application frameworks for data integration

- Create technical documents such as solution design, program specifications for target solutions

- Perform design and development of applications which may not be limited to: Software Applications, Data Integration, User Interfaces, Automation

- Maintain and recommend software improvements to ensure a platform centric management of software applications

- Performance tuning

- Work with production support team members to conduct root cause analysis of issues, review new and existing code and/or perform unit testing

- Perform tasks as part of a cross functional development team using agile or other methodologies and utilising project management software

TEAM Architecture (Big Data)

- 8+ years of experience with application development in Big Data Ecosystem (such as Cloudera, ElasticSearch, Spark, Presto, Hive, Impala, Kibana, Logstash, Hbase, Kafka),

- Expertise in building applications using Java, Scala, Python, Shell scripting, Go

- Experience in large scale implementations and performance optimizations in the Big Data Ecosystem using Spark, Hive, Impala, Apache Kudu, Ozone, Presto, Tez, Iceberg etc

- Knowledge of frameworks such as Spring, Struts, Hibernate etc

- Knowledge of Object Oriented Programming, Multi-threading, Containerization, etc

- Knowledge of related technologies such as HTML, Javascript, CSS, Jquery, node.js, docker

- Knowledge of Elastic, Kibana, Logstash, Hive, Sqoop, MongoDB, Oozie, Flume, Kafka

- Expertise in integrating applications with Devops tools

- Knowledge of building applications on MPP appliances such as Teradata, Greenplum, Netezza is a plus

At least, 2 to 3 technical certifications in any of the below technologies:

1. Language – SQL, Java, Python, Scala, Javascript, node.js

2. Automation / scripting – CtrlM, Shell Scripting, Groovy

3. Cloudera Hadoop distribution – Hive, Impala, Spark, Kudo, Kafka, Flume

Additional Experience required for all teams to create an added advantage:

1. CI/CD software, Testing Tools - Jenkins, SonarQube

2. Version Control Tool - Aldon+LMe, CA Endeavor

3. Deployment Tool kit -Jenkins

4. Service or Incident Management (IcM) Tools - Remedy

5. Source Code Repository Tool - Bitbucket

6. Scheduling Tool - Control-M

7. Defect Management Tool - JIRA

8. Application Testing tool – QuerySurge

9. Cloud certification

10. Platforms provided by FICO, Experian, SAS for credit and portfolio management

EDUCATION

- Bachelor’s degree/University degree in Computer Science, Engineering, or equivalent experience

1. Manage sales and marketing team and ensure that all the team job scope are being performed;

2. ⁠Manage and oversee the sales and marketing team duties and responsibilities;

3. ⁠Prepare daily meeting with the team to monitor and keep updated about the job status, job outstanding, Client feedbacks and etc.;

4. Prepare quotations, proposals, attend site visits;

5. Sales enquiries, meet the clients, and do follow ups to all quotations and proposals submitted to clients;

6. Liaise with principal clients and suppliers from overseas;

7. Improves products/services offers of the Company by doing market research and propose new products/services development and perform innovative future action plans;

8. Responsible to all Adhoc duties requirement from Sales and Marketing Department;

9. Report to Director and submit monthly reports and other required documents;

10. Oversee all incoming and outgoing enquiries direct/indirect and ensure that each one is handled in a proper, professionalism and efficient manner;

11. Prepare and submit project claims as per submission schedules;

12. Any other Adhoc duties assigned by Manager/Director;

IT Department Manager, his responsible for overseeing IT personnel and daily operations within the IT department,his duties include:

• Creating job posts, interviewing and hiring qualified candidates.
• Relaying information between upper management and department employees.
• Managing the department budget.
• Conducting routine evaluations of network and data security.
• Locating and seizing chances to enhance and update software and systems.
• Creating and implementing the organization’s IT policy and best practice manuals.
• Creating workshops and training programmes for staff.
• Performing routine system audits.
• Running routine system operations reports and sharing them with top employees.
• Salary : SGD7,000-SGD12,000 depending on experiences
• 5.5 Working days , but need Overtime working .

• Candidate must possess at least Diploma/Degree in Engineering (Electrical/Mechanical/Building Services) or equivalent.
• Required language(s): English
• At least 5 Year(s) of working experience in the related field is required for this position.

• Required Skill(s): Able to read M&E and Building drawings, good in Autocad, BIM Revit

• Candidate will be required to design and draw for Building services, e.g.. Electrical, ACMV, Plumbing, Sanitary and Fire Protection services etc.

Job Description

a) To report and assist the Project Director (EHS) and oversee the overall safety aspects of project(s).

b) The detailed duties and responsibilities include but not limited to the following:

i) Develop, implement & maintain EHS management system.

ii) Ensure compliance to corporate EHS policy, implement actions to drive compliance and improvements to maintain EHS Management Systems.

iii) Review any statutory updates, identify relevant EHS requirements, prepare procedures towards achieving compliance to the new statutory requirement.

iv) Lead and facilitate compliance, EHS internal audit/surveys.

v) Organize and lead regular EHS inspections, meetings, and monitoring of corrective/preventive action.

vi) Review new processes and lead risk assessment relevant to the new processes.

vii) Responsible for corporate EHS reporting requirements.

viii) Lead incident/accident investigation, write up report and follow up on effectiveness of implemented action.

ix) Plan and facilitate EHS training programme to increase safety awareness.

x) Coordinate and work together with all departments, contractors/vendors to advise on all EHS related issues.

xi) Promote zero accident culture in the company to strive group EHS KPI targets.

xii) Ad-hoc matters as assigned which is necessary for the execution of the project.

Job Requirements

i) Bachelor’s degree in engineering or health and safety related disciplines.

ii) Minimum 5-10 years working experience as WSHO for A1 building contractor or EHS management role.

iii) Possess valid MOM registered WSHO, NEA registered ECO and PUB Registered ECMO license.

iv) Good communication skills, team player, good knowledge and understanding of ISO9001, ISO14001 and ISO45001, good written and spoken English.

Job Description

· Carry out repairing works scheduling of lifts and escalators, project supervision, and documentation.

· Supervise and monitor the repairing works of lifts and escalators.

· Able to troubleshoot and solve the repairing issue

· Report on work progress

· Ensure timely and smooth progress of work.

· Ensure quality works are achieved and safety regulations are complied.

· Responsible for manpower planning and usage at the site.

· Liaise with Main-contractors/Supplier.

· Ad hoc assignment as and when required.

Job Requirements :

· Min 5 years of working experience in Lift & Escalator industry

· Possess a certificate in Building Construction Safety Supervisor (BCSS)

· Able to communicate and supervise workers of multi nationalities at construction site

· Good team player with a positive working attitude.

· Previous experience as a supervisor or similar role will be an advantage

· Relevant work experience in the service and maintenance of elevators and escalators will be an advantage.

Job Description

Role Overview

Assist Site Manager to establish the horizontal and vertical control to ensure the project is built within the tolerance of the design.

Duties and Responsibility

· Overall responsible for the land surveying task.

· To perform levelling, traversing, setting-out point, survey data collecting, layout, map and field of topographic surveying, boundary surveys etc.

· Working closely with the engineering and construction team to meet the survey work required.

· Manage and plan the land surveying work schedule to ensure all drawings are accurately for survey work and approved by relevant teams.

· Ensure correctness of build-up according to construction plans and drawing. Verified accuracy of survey data, measurement and calculations.

· Carry out as-built surveys, and settlement monitoring for buildings

· Prepare and submit pre and post construction drawings if necessary.

Knowledge, Skill and Abilities

· Strong oral and written communication skills

· Proficiency with Autocad, Land Project Development Software or Other Processing Software, any BIM related software, Microsoft office or etc

· Must be a team player and ability to work in a cross-functional team environment.

· Good time management and independent skills.

· Able to cope in a fast pace environment. Posse good leadership and organizing abilities and prepare to work long hours when necessary

· Manage and maintain all survey instruments and survey data and records well.

· Class 3 Singapore driving license

· Singapore land surveyor certificate

Background, Experience

· 1 years project surveying skills and 1 years working on site using surveying equipment.

· Experience in carry out project survey in commercial / residential / plant / civil work.

· Competency of using survey instrument and surveying software.

Education

· Diploma in land surveying, Geology/Geophysics or Civil Engineering preferred with relevant land surveying working experience

Responsibilties:

Ensure compliance and practice of Company's QEHS Management System

Review and recommend necessary changes regularly to the safety management system to keep it updated with the applicable local legislation

Liaise with revelant authorities on matters pertaining to occupational safety and health

Inspecition of site to ensure all facilities and equipment releavnt to the maintenance of EHS are in proper working condition and do not pose any hazard

Review all risk assessments and risk management internally and externally

Manage incidents' investigations, recommend corrective actions and follow-up on the implmentations and effectiveness of actions taken

Review and maintain site's environmental, health and safety records

Other duties as assigned

Job Requirements:

Registered as Workplace Safety and Health Officer with Ministry of Manpower

Minimum of 5 years WSHO experience

Good interpersonal, management and decision making skills

Remuneration will be based on experiences

The Job

1. Responsible for assembly, debug and test run of customized modular machines and it’s commissioning.
2. Provide on-site technical support at customer premise for equipment operation.
3. Perform design modifications through: Simplified design, reduced parts, using cheaper alternatives, while maintaining or enhancing the performance of products in terms of cost reduction.
4. Procure and/or assist in the procurement of necessary items to enable the performance of above duties.
5. Writing and maintenance of all necessary documentations, work and assembly instructions, manufacturing and test procedures.

The Requirements

1. Nitec / Higher Nitec / Diploma in Mechanical Engineering with 2 to 3 years’ relevant experience.
2. Knowledge of industrial automation, jigs and fixture design, FMEA, SPC, CAD as well as experience in machine design are added advantages
3. Self-Disciplined with strong project management skills
4. Can work independently
5. Good interpersonal and communication skills
6. Required to travel when necessary

Job Description & Requirements

• Lead and manage a team of QS in the administration and review of procurement and contract management
• · Responsible and lead the team on evaluation and preparation of sub-contractors' claims and issuance of payment response within stipulated timeframe (SOP Act)
• Allocate tasks to QS and provide effective supervision
• Review contract documents and provide cost estimates on tenders
• Oversee and manage main contract progress claim and subcontract payment including variation claim
• Resolving contract disputes and contract claims, assessing entitlement for extension of time and loss/expense claim
• Oversee the management of document control and distribution of drawings, specifications, and all other relevant documents.
• Communicate contract-related information to all stakeholders
• Ensure proper documentation of additional works, alterations or design changes, and lead the team in preparing variation orders
• Advise and administer Extension of Time claim
• Ensure timely finalisation of main contract and subcontract
• Prepare and monitor project cost budget, cash-flow for project, track changes in design/construction work, variations and adjust budget projections accordingly
• Able to independently lead and manage project

Requirements

• Bachelor’s Degree in Quantity Surveying / Construction Management / Civil Engineering or equivalent
• Minimum 8 years relevant experience in project tendering, contract negotiation, administration and/or management
• Excellent communication and negotiation skills, analytical mindset, problem solving abilities

Responsibilities

Design, control, and implement electrical systems and products

Develop manufacturing processes according to global engineering codes and standards

Manage engineering projects and deliver them on time

Define customer needs and requirements

Ensure that installations and applications are in line with customer needs and safety standards

Collaborate with engineers and technicians to design and apply new system processes

Perform quality and performance analysis on new and legacy IT systems

Summarize data and report on test results

Examine needs on new equipment, calculate costs and help prepare budgets

Monitor maintenance and inspection plans

Requirements and skills

Proven expertise as an electrical engineer

Hands-on experience using design and calculation software

Deep knowledge of electrical manufacturing processes

Understanding of electrical engineering codes and safety standards

Problem-solving abilities

Attention to detail

Strong organizational and communication skills

Job Description & Requirements

• Design and implement processes for ensuring efficient IT operations in an organization
• Troubleshoot/analyze computer systems to identify and eliminate performance bugs and hardware malfunction
• Oversee the maintenance, repair or replacement of computer units or other technological components
• Develop software and programs to meet the IT needs of a company
• Communicate with clients to identify their requirement and ensure their needs are met
• Provide follow up services to ensure customer satisfaction and resolve client issues
• Run quality checks on products/programs to ensure optimal and efficient performance
• Ensure the security of an organization’s IT database by performing backups and updating security protocol
• Oversee the training of junior IT engineers and other IT staff to improve job skills and work efficiency
• Design new information and network support systems to enhance IT operations in an organization
• Conduct inspections to ensure IT systems and equipment are operational
• Install and configure IT systems such as local area networks and wide area networks
• Provide advice and recommendations to management on processes and techniques required for improved work operations
• Collaborate with programmers, developers, and designers to achieve set objectives
• Conduct surveys and research to identify areas that require improvement and ways to achieve desired improvement.