Total 96,224 senior manager job vacancies in Singapore

We are a local SME company specialising in pioneering mechanical engineering solutions for façade access and working at height scenarios. We are seeking to find a motivated individual to fill the position of Engineering Manager. This is an exciting position that combines both engineering and project management capabilities.

Your tasks will include:

· Monitoring the daily progress of projects under your care while updating the project reports and forecasting future works.

· Checking fabrication and construction shop drawings for correctness.

· Creating engineering calculations and liaising with fabrication and construction draftsman as well as third party PE.

· Attending technical and site coordination meetings.

· Managing client relationship through the life cycle of projects by overseeing and directing construction projects from conception to completion.

· Ensuring monthly submissions of claims for work done including preparation of monthly progress report with photographs from the site team.

· Creating additional works/variation orders, and preparing variation claims.

· Monitor and overview manage site labour, equipment and material for site activities from the site manager.

· Coordinating with our factory Manager and QAQC department for the delivery of our fabricated works and planning the installation.

· Ensuring works are carried out in accordance to the method of statement and ensuring that these comply to fit-for-use requirements.

Our Engineering Manager should possess these qualities and skills

• Diploma / Degree in Mechanical Engineering is a must.
• At least 3 years of practical experience in mechanical design including producing drawings and calculations relating to structural steel and powered drive mechanisms.
• Proficient knowledge in Excel, Word and PowerPoint
• Basic proficiency in using Autocad for drafting
• Good time management and able to work independently and as a team with good prioritization skills
• Good communication skills, both verbal and written
• Enjoy challenging yourself in a fast pace environment
• Track record of ability to manage teams and projects

TECHNICAL MANAGER Duties and Responsibilities:

• Serve as the technical expert for detailed design and construction aspects of the project

• Answer questions and resolve issues brought forth by the internal team members, client, consulting engineers and contractors

• Perform expediting actions in sourcing technical information, submission of data/method statement for installation, delivery and transport of materials/equipment, storage and issuance for site installation works

• Prepare detailed installation plans, methodology, processes and procedures for support of construction team

• Propose and oversee timelines for engineering proposals and submissions are met

• Check and confirm the accuracy of submissions from contractors, vendors and suppliers for the work to be performed, coordinate and ensure approvals are received from client in timely manner

• Set up procedure and processes in monitoring and tracking of engineering related documentation throughout project lifestyle

• Communicate and collaborate with other managers, suppliers, and contractors

• Prepare and deliver various installation/erection or construction related presentations, both internally and externally

Requirements and Qualifications:

• Analytical and mathematical mind, capable of evaluating and solving various complex problems

• Leadership skills necessary to manage and develop a teamwork ethics

• Organizational competencies and project management skills to keep project, processes, and the entire engineering tasks on track

• Self-motivated attitude with the ability to multitask and thrive in a timeline-driven environment

• Interpersonal communication skills with expertise in distilling complicated topics to a broader audience

• Ability to work independently as well as part of a team

• Project lead experience in actual projects
• Facilitating BIM Coordination meeting
• Planning BIM processes
• BIM Legal and Contractual issues
• Organisation's adoption plan

Job requirement

• BIM quality check
• BIM authoring tool
• BIM design review
• BIM analysis tool
• BIM Coordination tool
• Project workspace
• BCAA specialist diploma

Sales Manager Responsibilities:

• Continually meeting or exceeding sales quotas.

• Supervising and guiding the sales team as well as providing incentives to motivate staff to achieve sales targets.

• Monitoring the performance of the sales team.

• Ensuring that the store is clean and well-maintained at all times.

• Building and maintaining good working relationships with customers.

• Identifying opportunities and strategies to increase sales.

• Regularly attending sales meetings and training sessions.

• Ensuring that the store is adequately stocked with company products.

Requirements:

• Proven experience in sales and customer service.

• Proficient in all Microsoft Office applications.

• The ability to work in a fast-paced environment.

• Excellent problem-solving skills.

• Strong management and leadership skills.

• Effective communication skills.

• Exceptional customer service skills.

Able to work night shift most of the time and other shifts

Handle paperwork and stock taking of the store

Able to perform long hours, work on weekends and public holidays

Experience in working in 7 11 outlets

Must be to handle alcohol and non halal food

Experience in customer service at least 3 years

• Strategically plan and manage logistics, warehouse, transportation and customer services
• Direct, optimize and coordinate full order cycle
• Liaise and negotiate with suppliers, manufacturers, retailers and consumers
• Keep track of quality, quantity, stock levels, delivery times, transport costs and efficiency
• Arrange warehouse, catalog goods, plan routes and process shipments
• Resolve any arising problems or complaints
• Supervise, coach and train warehouse workforce
• Meet cost, productivity, accuracy and timeliness targets
• Maintain metrics and analyze data to assess performance and implement improvements
• Comply with laws, regulations and ISO requirements

Job Description:

• Assistant to Project Lead to manage and coordinate with CSIS vendors or Citi business stakeholders inclusive of attending/ initiating meetings and all to ensure we meet the scheduled timeline, stakeholders’ expectations, facilitate on the testing programs for the newly installed security systems.
• Conduct site inspections and assesses the condition of the facility as well as propose the necessary requirements per Citi Security Standards.
• Coordinate and facilitate our Citi Business stakeholders and provide guidance on the access card submissions and approvals etc.
• Conduct inventory checks for all completed projects, reviewing of floorplan system plotting diagram and updates. Supporting role function on finance administration mainly on project expense tracking.
• Leading the execution works onsite, supervising the vendors and may also be the overall lead for small independent project works.

Requirement:

• Minimum of at least 1 year working experience.
• Minimum High School/ Diploma in any faculty.
• Security certifications will be desirable
• Good communication, coordination skills both spoken and written. Able to command and manage vendors/ suppliers.
• Must be able to work under a fast-paced environment, aggressive culture, and timeline.
• Basic knowledge on security systems i.e. access control, CCTV, IDS
• Fundamentals of physical security and security system installation.

The Store Manager plays a crucial role in making sure the store operates seamlessly and efficiently each day. The Store Manager is dedicated to boosting sales and profitability, all while maintaining a high standard of customer service. The Store Manager ensures that every customer leaves the store satisfied and that the store consistently meets the company's guidelines and policies.

Specific Responsibilities:

1. Competency in coordinating with external vendors or cleaning services for larger maintenance tasks, ensuring they are completed efficiently and on time.

2. Develop strategies to drive sales and increase profitability.

3. Handle customer inquiries, complaints, and feedback effectively.

4. Ensure that the store is well-stocked with the right merchandise mix.

Technical Skills and Competencies:

1. Ability to manage the budget for cleaning and maintenance services, ensuring costs stay within allocated resources.

2. Ability to analyze which products or categories drive the most revenue and optimize store layouts and displays accordingly.

3. Skills in analyzing customer feedback and complaint data to identify patterns and areas for improvement in products, services, or processes.

4. Proficiency in using inventory management software (e.g., SAP, Oracle Retail, NetSuite) to track stock levels, monitor product movement, and manage reordering processes.

Attachment: 6 months

Job Responsibilities:

- Provide pre-sales/post-sales support and work on pitches for tenders.

- Oversee projects from start to completion.

- To manage, communicate and coordinate with multiple parties, not limited to architects, consultants, contractors, suppliers, etc.

- Planning, developing and executing schedules.

- Manage project budgeting, administration and resources identification, deployment and control.

- Manage and monitor project's progress to ensure timely completion of work.

- Lead and conduct risk assessment prior to project commencement, proactively seeking compliance to quality and safety standards.

- Facilitate and lead effective project meetings.

- Resolve all site and contractual related matters with site project team; manage change and conflicts.

Requirements:

- Min. 5 years experience in similar capacity.

- Diploma in Civil Engineering or Building Construction.

- Possess relevant technical knowledges and skill.

- Strong leadership skills to lead and motivate project team in project implementation, with ability to manage multiple projects simultaneously.

- Effective influencing, negotiation, communication and problem solving skills.

- Must be bilingual, able to liaise with English and Chinese speaking clients.

- Possess a Singapore Class 3 Driving License

- Able to start work immediately.

- Degree/ Diploma in Building

- Minimum 3 years of experience in Construction

- Ability to interact efficiently at all levels and liaise with Consultants and subcontractors

- Overseeing all incoming and outgoing project documentation

- Responsible for the day-to-day management of specific goals

- Ensure the timely and costly completion of Construction Projects.

Job Description

• Managing and handling the accounting operation of the designated entities, which include billing, recording all business transactions, withholding various taxes, if any, taxing filing and preparing monthly financial statements in line with IFRS and regulatory requirements.
• Consolidating and preparing annual and quarterly budgets of the Group, in coordination with other functions, for management reports in a timely manner.
• Consolidating the financial statements of the Group and accommodating / communicating with the Group’s external CPA for the purpose of annual audited financial statements in a timely manner.
• Following up the Global Min. Tax implementation status, executing and filing the Country‐by‐Country Report (“CbCR”) and Global Min. Tax requirements/reports in a timely manner.
• Ensuring that all accounting records and reports are kept in good order and in safe custody, to comply with the relevant laws, regulations or internal rules.

Required Qualification

• Bachelor’s degree in Accounting; Master’s degree is a plus.
• More than 13 years of working experience in accounting in Singapore.
• More than 5 years of experience in supervising subordinates.
• More than 3 years of working experience in an accounting firm in Singapore is a plus.
• Personality traits of analytical, context, restorative, arranger, responsibility, discipline, reliable, consistency and connectedness.

Required Capability

• Thorough knowledge of accounting principles, corporate taxation of Singapore and OECD‐Global Min. Tax and other statutory requirements.
• Exhibiting receptiveness to diverse viewpoints and multiple potential solutions when engaged in problem‐solving.
• Strong attention to detail and confidentiality.
• Comprehending the information and effectively conveying intricate messages with clarity.

• To promote a Zero Harm culture & best practices through the implementation of a tailored safety, quality and environmental management system including the development and implementation of appropriate policies & procedures to ensure a safe and efficient workplace.
• To ensure regulatory compliance & due diligence to safety, health, quality, dangerous good/hazardous substances and environmental obligations.
• To liaise with all business units on matters relating to safety, quality and environment including potential non-compliance of a regulatory nature.
• Compliance with all relevant safety, quality, environmental & P&C policies & procedures to ensure a safe work environment at all times.
• Actively liaise with all departments to ensure quality control, quality assurance and safe practices are adhered to at all times.
• Work with A-Gas management to implement its policies, procedures, work instructions, mission and goals.
• Lead by example in demonstrating personal qualities, behavioural traits and A-Gas values & behaviours.
• Timely management reporting in the manner and form as required from time to time.
• Perform site inspections as required.
• Actively participate in internal & external project meetings and provide sound recommendations on SQE initiatives and/or highlight any deviations & possible risks if any.
• Manage & maintain integrated certified Safety, Quality, Environmental management systems to ensure continued compliance to ISO 9001, ISO45001, ISO14001, ISO17025 (NATA), and other relevant standards like ISO 31000 where applicable.
• Identify and maintain compliance to relevant WHS, Environmental & other acts, regulations, codes of practices & guidelines etc.
• Audit SQE Management System, including reviewing, monitoring, measuring, reporting on performance.
• Recommend and implement continual improvement to the SQE system, work instructions and associated processes.
• Promoting awareness of SQE requirements, communicating and consulting with all staff & other stakeholders on SQE processes, documentation and regulatory requirements.
• Development and implementation of SQE documentation relevant but not limited to procedures, plans, hazard and aspect identification, risk assessments, emergency preparedness & response, design & development, management of change, control measures, management review including ad hoc measures based on current environmental occurrences.
• Actively lead & participate in Operational Safety, Process Safety, Risk Assessment, HAZOPs, Pre-Purchase Risk Assessments, Management of Change & Design & Development, SQE incident investigation & root cause analysis and processes.
• Active participation and collaborating to provide SQE / technical advise as required to the Lab Team, Customer Service, Operations, Engineering, Rapid Recovery and wider A-Gas Group & other relevant stakeholders.

• Ensure all operations are carried on in an appropriate, cost-effective way
• Improve operational management systems, processes and best practices
• Purchase materials, plan inventory and oversee warehouse efficiency
• Help the organization’s processes remain legally compliant
• Formulate strategic and operational objectives
• Examine financial data and use them to improve profitability
• Manage budgets and forecasts
• Perform quality controls and monitor production KPIs
• Recruit, train and supervise staff
• Find ways to increase quality of customer service

ADMINISTRATION MANAGER

Roles & Responsibilities

This position has the overall responsibility for the successful conclusion of construction projects. They oversee project managers, who coordinate teams to ensure that work is completed on time and within budget, to a high standard.

The candidate will accomplish these tasks through a team of project managers, who will work with their Project teams, Technical Consultants, Sub-Contractors and to meet clients’ needs. The Project Director provides leadership to strategically manage risk, monitor finances and ensure each phase of work is started or completed on time.

Job Responsibilities: -

· Driving the overall operational and business performance of the Company;

• Collaborating with executive leadership to develop and execute strategic plans for business growth;
• Developing and implementing systems and controls for monitoring operational KPIs;
• Ensuring efficiency of all projects and compliance with statutory and mandatory requirements;
• Monitoring build progress, overseeing finance and ensuring project quality
• Making strategic decisions and providing leadership and direction to project managers to implement those decisions
• Meeting with clients, stakeholders and project managers to report on project progress
• Liaising with clients and building strong working relationships
• Devising cost-effective plans to enable effective project completion
• Managing risks to avoid delays or reputational damage
• Ensuring permits and legal papers are secured ahead of the project
• Managing project managers and enabling them to supervise and manage their own teams
• Working in an office and on a construction site.
• Perform monthly budget cost review and cost monitoring across projects to ensure that cost is well managed and within budget.
• Performs tender adjudication on tender awards put up by Project teams as part of due diligence to ensure prices are competitive and all transactions are done above board with proper justification - to safeguard the company against any possible loss of profits, reputation, etc.
• Conduct analysis and review of tender costings by project tender teams to ensure that all potential risk, specified requirement were adequately addressed and provided for.
• Excellent in facilitating multi-stakeholder (internal and external) engagement.
• Strong communications, consulting, negotiation, and conceptualization skills.
• Excellent organization and time management abilities, with a capacity to handle multiple projects simultaneously.
• Ability to multi-task, quick to adapt and able to work in a fast-paced environment.
• Possess a strong technical background with expertise in the specific industry or field relevant to the projects.
• Proactive self-starter, analytical, self-motivated, high energy and driven yet able to work well within a team and motivate the team.
• Excellent writing, presentation and people engagement skills.

Cost and Procurement

· Accountable for implementing the project procurement strategy

· Be thoroughly familiar with the requirements of the Head Contract and specific packages thereby identifying changes, conflicts, etc prior to them occurring

· Set up in conjunction with the Commercial Manger the budgets and the cost reporting procedures for the project

· Participate in tender interviews for major packages and make sure there is tight coordination between disciplines

Qualifications & Experience

· At least 10 years of working experiences.

· Proven experience in a managerial role, preferably in a similar industry.

· Strong leadership and decision-making skills.

· Excellent analytical, problem-solving, organizational.

· Demonstrated ability to drive business growth and development.

· Excellent communication skills

Job Requirements: -

· Excellent organizational and leadership skills.

• Outstanding analytical and problem-solving skills.
• Flexible and adaptable to navigate in changing environments.

Preferred Skills & Characteristics

· Excellent communication and influencing skills including negotiating and contracting.

· Experience in developing and managing project staff.

· Good level networking and liaison skills and the provide ability to meet deadlines and targets.

· Good team work skills actively

· Involves colleagues across the business, builds the benefits of collaborative working.

· Self-developer – acts as a role model, invests time in their own development and encourages others

• Strategically plan and manage logistics, warehouse, transportation and customer services
• Direct, optimize and coordinate full order cycle
• Liaise and negotiate with suppliers, manufacturers, retailers and consumers
• Keep track of quality, quantity, stock levels, delivery times, transport costs and efficiency
• Arrange warehouse, catalog goods, plan routes and process shipments
• Resolve any arising problems or complaints
• Supervise, coach and train warehouse workforce
• Meet cost, productivity, accuracy and timeliness targets
• Maintain metrics and analyze data to assess performance and implement improvements
• Comply with laws, regulations and ISO requirements

Job Description:

• Lead the project team in the delivery of the project.
• Control the time, cost and quality of the project.
• Plan and coordinate all aspects of the construction process.
• Management of the construction project in order to meet the construciton timeline with cost efficiency without compromising quality and safety.

Requirements

• Possess bachelor’s degree in civil engineering or construction related degree
• Minimum 5 years of experience in completed condominium or large projects as Project Manager

• Strategically plan and manage logistics, warehouse, transportation and customer services
• Direct, optimize and coordinate full order cycle
• Liaise and negotiate with suppliers, manufacturers, retailers and consumers
• Keep track of quality, quantity, stock levels, delivery times, transport costs and efficiency
• Arrange warehouse, catalog goods, plan routes and process shipments
• Resolve any arising problems or complaints
• Supervise, coach and train warehouse workforce
• Meet cost, productivity, accuracy and timeliness targets
• Maintain metrics and analyze data to assess performance and implement improvements
• Comply with laws, regulations and ISO requirements

• Audit and report inventory while making recommendations on which items to order and restock
• Manage warehouse associates, monitoring work and ensuring the safe use of warehouse equipment
• Establish warehouse practices and protocols to achieve an efficient warehouse
• Set warehouse and team goals in collaboration with executive management and other team leads
• Monitor workplace performance and lead training initiatives to improve employees
• Keep up-to-date on the latest federal and state safety regulations
• Communicate with other departments to ensure products are shipped in a timely manner

Job Description

As the company’s Finance Manager you are responsible for all Finance and Business Admin matters of Lufthansa Systems in the Asia Pacific region. You will carry out the company’s Financial Accounting tasks in accordance with applicable Accounting Standards. You are responsible for all aspects of financial management including corporate accounting, regulatory and financial reporting, budget and forecast preparation, as well as compliance to internal control policies and procedures.

Responsibilities:

• Supervise and handle full set of accounts, including Monthly and Annual closing as well as preparation of Financial Statements
• Preparation of annual budget, cost forecasts and monthly management reports
• Cash flow management and forecasting
• Key counterpart for financial institutions, auditors, tax agents, corporate secretary and relevant authorities
• Preparation and maintenance of all statutory records, forms, documents and other relevant papers as required by the law
• Ensure Corporate legal and tax compliance
• Provide strategic inputs on regulatory and tax implications of projects and business activities in the region
• Carry out quality control checks, strengthen the current internal control process and strive for continuous improvement of financial processes
• Advisor to top management on financial aspects of business matters
• Administrative and special tasks, as required

Requirements

• Professional Financial Accounting Degree or equivalent
• Several years of experience in financial accounting and corporate compliance, which must include at least 3 years of audit experience
• Analytical and equipped with problem-solving skills
• Ability to work diligently and self-directed
• Good knowledge of MS Office and SAP is a must
• Very good interpersonal and communication skills
• Excellent knowledge of English, both written and spoken
• Well-developed time management and organizational skills and an ability to work under pressure
• Ability to adapt to a continually evolving environment and thrive in an autonomous and deadline-oriented workplace

Job Description

• Overall reponsible for assigned projects in ensuring adherence to all aspects including schedules, timelines, budget control, execution, completion, handover
• Responsible for overseeing engineering and checking documentation in assigned projects
• Maintains relationship with client and acts as the main point of liaison with client for matters pertaining to the project execution, especially monetary matters and deadlines
• Oversees purchases and ensures adherence to project cost, ensuring quality and compatibility
• Responsible for maintaining good HSE practices
• Provision of project financial figures such as payment, invoice forecast, etc to the finance department
• Prioritize project-related tasks and assignment of tasks to project engineers
• Maintain overview of WIP in assigned projects

Job Requirement

• Oil & Gas/ Petrochemical industry related experience will be an advantage
• At least 3-5 years experience as a Project Manager
• Good communication skill in both verbal and written

Duties and Responsibilities

Assist the Foodcourt Manager in the following areas:

(a) External Customer Relationship Management

• To retain 100% stall occupancy through effective tenant relationship
• To uphold quality control in food products sold in the tenant stalls
• To handle customers’ and landlord’s feedbacks and identify lapse of outlet’s services

(b) Outlet Operations Management

• Work pro-actively with the Maintenance Department to fix outlet’s hygiene and maintenance issues in a timely manner. Ensure the outlet is well-maintained at all times and is in line with the Workplace Safety and Health (WSH) guidelines
• Perform daily sales bank-in.
• Achieve monthly sales target and FD rental income target.
• To ensure smooth operations during opening, mid and closing shifts.
• To uphold quality control in food & beverage products sold in the FB stalls
• Prepare reports at the end of shift/week.

(c) Internal Customer Relationship Management

• Work with the Marketing department to execute marketing activities or campaigns etc.
• Work with the Procurement department to replenish stock through procurement portal etc.
• Provide support to the Finance department through submission of sales receipts, reports etc.
• Provide support to the Human Resource department through submission of verified attendance etc

(d) Any other duties as directed

Requirements:

• Min. GCE ‘N’ level or equivalent
• Service-oriented and diligent with high level of integrity
• Mature and possess good interpersonal skills to assist Foodcourt Manager to manage cleaners, employees, customers and tenants
• Problem-solving and investigative role to handle customer’s complaints on food quality or service attitude.

Responsibilities:

· Develop and execute the company's strategic plan to ensure the achievement of business objectives.

· Lead and manage the company team, including recruitment, training, and performance evaluation.

· Oversee project execution to ensure timely delivery of high-quality consulting services.

· Communicate with clients to understand their needs and provide customized solutions.

· Manage the company's financial condition, including budgeting, cost control, and profit maximization.

· Establish and maintain good relationships with clients, partners, and stakeholders.

· Conduct market analysis, identify business opportunities, and develop marketing strategies.

· Ensure compliance with relevant regulations and industry standards.

· Resolve internal and external issues and provide effective solutions.

· Continuously enhance the team's professional capabilities and business acumen.

· Long-term business travel may be required based on client needs and project implementation.

Requirements:

· Bachelor's degree or higher in business management, economics, marketing, or related fields preferred.

· Excellent leadership and team management skills, able to motivate the team to achieve goals.

· Excellent communication and negotiation skills, able to communicate effectively with clients and the team.

· In-depth understanding of business operations and management processes, with business insight.

· Excellent problem-solving and decision-making abilities, able to make wise decisions under pressure.

· Strong financial management skills, able to effectively manage the company's financial condition.

· Market analysis and strategic planning abilities, able to identify business opportunities and develop effective marketing strategies.

· Attention to detail, able to manage multiple projects and ensure timely delivery.

· Keen insight into industry trends, able to adjust company strategies timely to adapt to market changes.

• To supervise the work of sub-contractors and work closely with other operations staff to meet the project schedule
• Report to the Construction Manager
• You will adhere to construction procedures and safe work practices and ensure that works are executed within an acceptable standard of workmanship so as to meet the stringent requirement conducted during site tests and inspections
• Prepared and Assembled ready wooden cabinetry to drawings and specifications for installation.
• Verified dimensions and checked the quality and fit of pieces.
• Measured and marked dimensions of sites.
• Performed Cabinet assembly with the use of hand tools.
• Assisted with all aspects of the assembly team.
• Read detailed schematics for cabinets and executed assembly accurately.
• Helped with delivering and manually installing cabinets.
• Installed cabinets in residential homes.
• Minimum 3 years of relevant experience in the Construction Industry
• Possess a certificate in Building Construction Safety Supervisor (BCSS)
• Supervisory experience in foundation & structural works on site
• Able to work independently with a positive attitude

must be able to supervise the foriegn workers and be a communicator for the assigned job given by the employer. must know the safety measures as per the Singapore Government Instructed.able to handle the projectson time. proficiency in English , Tamil , bengali is a Must.must have all skill certificates from singapore government work force. able to work irrespective of time to complete the assigned job.

Responsibilities:

• Lead the Service, F&B and Cleaning teams to operate the lounge
• Oversee day-to-day operations to deliver high level of service for our guests consistently
• Monitor and ensure quality of food, guest services, hygiene, cleanliness and tidiness to achieve total customer satisfaction and meet company standards
• Handle administration duties include staff roster and duty assignments
• Resolve staff issues, training new staff, and evaluate staff performance
• Contribute ideas and develop innovative programmes to enhance customer satisfaction
• Prepare various business reports and participate in ad-hoc assignments
• Undertake a busy and fast paced role with varied duties
• Review work procedures and operational problems in order to determine ways to improve the services, performance and safety
• Handle and resolve issues or complaints in a professional manner
• Any other duties assigned

Requirements:

• A minimum of 3 years’ relevant experience at supervisory level in hospitality industry
• Strong leadership skills, mature, outgoing & guest oriented, good communication skills
• Proactive, enthusiastic, strong sense of responsibility and positive thinking
• Able to work independently and under pressure
• Shift duty is required