Work Time Profile:

5-day work week, Monday to Friday

9.00 AM to 5.00 PM

Company Benefits:

• Staff Lunch
• Training and Development Opportunities
• Bi-Annual Profit-Sharing
• Performance Bonus
• Staff Discounts on Seafood purchases
• Medical Benefits
• One-way Shuttle Service to Jurong Fishery Port
• Confirmation Seafood Hamper

You Need To.........

• Ensures accurate and timely closing
• Analyses financials to ensure correctness and preparation of Balance Sheet schedules (includes, investment, ROU, prepayments, accruals, rebates, sales cutoff, etc)
• Setup Cashflow preparation for both actual and forecast
• Prepares Flux analysis and management reporting with charts and graphs
• Performs review quarterly GST submissions and tax matters.
• Coordinates financial matters with the corporate secretary, external auditors, tax agents, and government agencies.
• Leads the monthly closing process within the Finance team and other departments
• Manages a team and work closely with the Head of Finance to implement process/system improvements.
• Handles inventory management and standard costing practices.
• Manages roll-out of budget planning exercise across the organisation
• Any other ad-hoc projects as assigned by the Head of Finance or CEO

You need to have/be:

• Bachelor’s degree in Accountancy or equivalent,
• Qualified CPA
• At least 5 years of experience in a commercial industry that has inventory management
• Strong technical knowledge of Financial Reporting Standards and Singapore Tax
• Strong in excel skills
• Good exposure to implementing process changes
• Meticulous with a strong analytical mind and ability to work under pressure to meet tight schedules
• Strong interpersonal, communication, business partnering and people management skills, to work across functions
• Comfortable working in a dynamic environment and driving process/system improvements

Accounts Admin Assistant – Yishun – 5 day week-Singaporeans only

Job Descriptions/ Key Responsibilities:

· Manage day to day accounting operations, quotations, invoices, statement of accounts, petty cash, expense claims

· Prepare bank reconciliation and monthly audit schedule.

· Generate monthly Accounts Payable and Receivables aging reports.

· Any other ad hoc project assigned by the management.

Candidate’s Requirements:

· Secondary education ; MS Word, Excel

· At least 1 year working experience in the related field.

· Good communication and interpersonal skills

· Responsible, team player and willing to learn.

· Preferably with good knowledge of in financial accounting

contact Grace 87952790

Salary Range : $2000 to $2300

Hiap Tong Crane & Transport is hiring Payroll Assistant.

Job scope:

• Data Entry & Maintain System Accurary
• Assist in Monthly Payroll Cycle with timesheet computation
• Office administrative & clerical works

Requirement:

• Competent in Microsoft office application
• Possess good working attitude & sense of responsibility
• Number sensitive
• Self motivated with excellent interpersonal and communication skills.
• Able to work independently and under pressure to meet datelines and schedules.
• To be able to work in fast paced environment and a team player.

• Perform receiving, in- process and outgoing inspection
• Assist Laboratory supervisor on analyzing customer returns/customer complaints
• Generate COA
• Authorize to sign on COA
• Record test result and input to SPC
• Review SPC trend and highlight any trend abnormality
• Issue Production Batch Ticket to production
• Calibration and Maintenance of Laboratory equipment
• Measurement System Analysis
• Liaise with vendor on Maintenance, Calibration, Troubleshooting and of Lab equipment
• Ensure good housekeeping of the laboratory at all times
• Any other tasks as and when assigned.

Responsibilities

• Ensure all operations are carried on in an appropriate, cost-effective way
• Improve operational management systems, processes and best practices
• Purchase materials, plan inventory and oversee warehouse efficiency
• Help the organization’s processes remain legally compliant
• Formulate strategic and operational objectives
• Perform quality controls and monitor production KPIs
• Find ways to increase quality of customer service and overall team performance

Requirements

• Proven work experience as Assistant Manager or similar role
• Knowledge of organizational effectiveness and operations management
• Familiarity with business principles
• Excellent communication skills
• Leadership ability
• Outstanding organisational skills

Assistant Cook Duties and Responsibilities

Setting up, cleaning, and organizing work stations

Preparing ingredients for the shift; washing vegetables, chopping, seasoning meat, etc.

Roti prataflour mixing

Making Varieties of RotiPrata (egg prata, Bananprata, coin prata,etc.,)

Making Varieties of Dosai (Masaladosai, Ravadosai,Plaindosai, specialdosai,Geedosai. etc.,)

Making Chappathi and Chappathi flour mixing

preparation of south indian& north indian curies

Taking orders from wait staff or computerized system

Cooking order according to food health and safety standards

Recommending ideas for specials or seasonal dishes

Handling multiple food orders at one time

Monitoring multiple food orders as new orders arrive

Dressing order for presentation

Ensuring each guest order has the correct food and sides

Delivering food order to wait staff in a timely manner

Storing all food properly

Sanitizing and cleaning work stations and utensils

Reordering stock and food supplies

Monitoring other cooks and team members

Assisting other cooks in preparing food or helping other team members when needed

Assistant Cook Requirements and Qualifications

Ready to work any shift

Able to work in a fast-paced environment

Able to multitask, prioritize, and manage time efficiently

Physical endurance to stand for an entire shift

Self-motivated and self-directed

Works well as part of a team and on individual tasks

Able to quickly memorize complex or multiple orders

High school degree or equivalent

Previous experience as a busboy, cook, or relevant work experience

Legally able to work in establishments which serve alcohol

Able to work early mornings, nights, and weekends

Must pass a background check

Able to read and write

Job Description
♣ Provide admin support to the warehouse operations
♣ Data entry and verify delivery related documents
♣ Checking of invoices

♣ Liaise with vendors and suppliers
♣ Maintain and upkeep filing system & maintenance schedules
♣ Other adhoc duties as assigned

Job Requirement:

♣ Office Hour

♣ Willing to work at West area

♣ With 1 year of admin experience

♣ Proficient in Ms Office

♣ Able to commence work within short notice

Job role and responsibilities:

• Handle full spectrum of freight forwarding involving import/export procedures
  Generate shipping documents such as Bill of Lading, Cargo Manifest, Cargo Clearance Permits for Import/Export/Transhipment
• Attend to Singapore Customs enquiries on cargo clearance permit issues
• Check requirements with relevant parties to ensure all the appropriate documents (eg insurance, licences, customs forms) are in order
• Prepare Delivery Orders and/or Shipping Orders
• Arrange trucking and/or containers as per clients’ requirements
• Liaise with relevant parties on equipment/cargo trackings
• Generate reports as required by various agencies

Qualifications & Skills:

• Min GCE "O" Level
• Well versed with Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, Outlook)
• At least 1-year experience in similar job functions
• Have passed Customs Competency Test for Declarants

Work Venue: Inside Jurong Port, Singapore

1.Provide administrative support to the Operations/Production Department.

2. Maintain records of transactions and processing of the product's status according to compliance requirements

3. Accurately maintain/update Daily Processing Reports (DPR) and Tally sheets, including production quantities, materials used, and production stages.

4. Perform data entry tasks to input production and inventory information into databases or electronic systems.

5. Verify the accuracy of data entries and cross-check information with supporting documents.

6. Collaborate with production and store teams to gather necessary information and resolve any discrepancies or issues related to production records or inventory levels.

7. Generate reports, summaries, and analysis of production and inventory data as required.

8. Ensure compliance with record-keeping procedures and company policies.

9. Assist in continuous improvement initiatives related to record-keeping processes and systems.

10. Provide administrative support to the department

11. Ad-hoc tasks assigned by direct supervisor

Requirement:

1. Possess minimum Nitec level or equivalent qualifications with 1-2 years experiences

2. Positive attitude and willing to learn.

3. Proficiency in Microsoft office (Excel & Word).

4. Good in organizational and time management skills to handle multiple tasks and meet deadlines.

5. Ability to work independently with minimal supervision as well as collaborate effectively within a team.

6. Able to commence work immediately or within short notice.

Job Description:

• Prepare products according to the order

• Provide customer service and issuing of orders

• Perform loading and unloading of goods，Receive and inspect incoming goods

• Communicate with salespersons and drivers

• Perform housekeeping and maintenance of tools and equipment

• Other store duties as and when assigned Requirements

Job Requirements:

• At least an 'O' level or 'N' level qualification

• Hardworking and can support overtime

• Physically fit as this job requires you to carry at least 10kg of goods, and diligent, and able to work independently

Other Information:

• Basic + OT + Variable bonus + AWS
• Medical Benefits
• Leave Benefits
• Working Location: Tuas
• Working hours:Monday - Friday (8.30am to 5.30pm), Saturday (8.30am to 3.00pm)

Accounts Executive

Job Purpose

We are looking for a talented Accounts Executive to assist the CFO and Executives in managing the Finance Department as part of the financial health of the Company by administering accounting operations to comply with legal requirements. You will be responsible for the day-to-day daily task of the Company's financial transactions.

Responsibilities

· Support day-to-day Finance operations;

· Preparation of payment vouchers, checking and classification of reimbursements, posting in the accounting system;

· Perform cash and bank reconciliation;

· Assist in handling a full set of accounts (AP/AR/GL)

· Assist in Inventory and Costing.

· Assist in preparing month-end closing and financial reporting;

· Assist in preparation of GST submission;

· Participate in annual financial audit;

· Ensure documents are filed promptly and accurately;

· Liaise with relevant departments & external stakeholders to resolve discrepancies;

. Able to assist in HR and Admin responsiblities

· Any other ad-hoc duties assigned by reporting manager.

Requirements

· Candidate must possess at least a Diploma in Accountancy;

· At least 3 Years of working experience in the related field is required for this position (Fresh Degree Holder candidates may be considered)

· Preferably with experience in commercial

· High degree of accuracy & efficiency;

· Independent, able to take initiative, and team player.

• 5 days (Mon-FrI), Jurong West, MNC
• Transport provided (2 ways)
• Basic salary: $2000 - $2300, allowances, OT claim
• AWS, performance bonus, medical/dental benefits
• Uniform is provided

Responsibilities:

• Receive and issue goods.
• Handling and sorting physical shipping goods.
• Put away goods to/from storage locations.
• Assist in ensuring cycle count accuracy.
• Maintain proper inventory control.
• Maintain housekeeping at all times.
• Maintain safe work procedures at all times.

Requirements:

• At least Secondary education.
• Able to work independently.
• Basic computer knowledge.
• 0-2 years logistics experience preferred.
• Forklift license will be an advantage.
• Work At Height certificate will be an advantage.

Others:

• Yearly increment (subject to performance)
• On-the-job training is provided

Interested applicants, please send your resume to [email protected]

Accounts Executive

• 5 days work week (Mondays- Fridays 9:30am to 6:00pm)
• 1 Saturdays per month (9:30am am to 12:30 pm)
• Location : Joo Seng Road
• Simple and Conducive Environment
• Salary: Up to $4.5K (Commensurate with experience)

Job Description

Handle full set of accounts, AR, AP and month end closing.

Preparation and submission of monthly GST.

Monthly bank reconciliation.

Credit limit control and weekly review on AR

Liaise with external auditors, company secretary and tax agents for company related matters.

Prepare staffs IR8A & IR21.

Ensure timely and accurate financial and management reporting.

Ensure timely preparation of balance sheet schedules.

Assist in monthly stock take.

Issuing and following up on sales rebates from supplier and dealers.

Management of inventory and issuing of sales invoices.

To check on shipping quotations for export and import shipments.

Assist in any ad hoc assignment.

Requirements

• Diploma or Degree in accounting or equivalent
• 3 years of relevant accounting
• Positive attitude and willing to learn

Please APPLY NOW with detail updated resume in Microsoft Word Format (.doc) and must include the following informations:

• Personal Particulars (with short residence address)
• Education
• Work experiences (period of employment & job duty) in point forms
• Reasons for leaving each employment
• Last drawn salary in each employment
• Expected salary
• Earliest work commencement date / Notice period

(We regret that only shortlisted candidates will be notified)

EA Personnel No. R1102556

Your Roles & Responsibilites

• As an assistant electrical technician, you are require to perform your duties assigned in accordance with back to back projects by your senior or the management.
• You will need to carry out your work duties independently & diligently, be alert & attentive to surroundings as it involves electrical wiring & engineering portion.
• Your main duties basically requires manual hands-on works which includes wiring but not limited to assembly of components, electrical & engineering related works,installation. There will be adequate & appropriate tools and machines/equipment to use in aiding with your work. Neccessary guidance & trainings will be provided.
• There will be a chance for you to explore the outside world with works that requires installation on-site.
• You will need to also assist in relevant in-house works to facilitate in job completion when needed.
• You will need to adhere to the rules & regulations with safety procedure in place and also conduct daily housekeeping after each segment/end of work.

Criteria for the Position

1. An individual must process with a positive mindset & attitude regardless of.
2. An individual with a great fighting spirit whom can conquer under all tough condition, being adaptive to environments & receptive to feedbacks furthering improvements.
3. One who possess good interpersonal skills and able to connect with your colleagues.
4. Literate in simple english with a basic knowledge of electrical background is preferred but also welcoming those who are keen to learn or have passion in pursuing electrical engineering works.
5. No experience is welcomed as an apprentice however salary will commensurate accordingly.

In our Share Services Accounts & Finance Team, we provide services to a group of companies that are critical for their daily operations. For growth of our staff, there will be job rotation opportunities.

We are currently looking for a Shared Services Accounts Executive, who will be responsible for Accounts Receivables.

Roles and Responsibilities

• Responsible for full spectrum of accounts receivable function
• Ensure timely and accurate billing of invoices, debit note & credit Note, rebate
• Monitor and update collections and outstanding balances
• Liaise with various stakeholders to ensure smooth billing and payment process
• Generate and send Statement of account
• Handle customers’ inquiries.
• Generate AR aging analysis report.
• Perform monthly intercompany reconciliation.
• Support IT-related and Finance automation projects
• Other ad-hoc tasks as assigned

Qualifications

• Diploma in Accountancy or equivalent
• Minimum 3 year of Accounts Receivables working experience
• Familiar with SAP and e-banking platforms will be advantageous
• Experience working with Financial shared services will be advantageous

Competencies

• Proficient in Microsoft Office applications (especially excel)
• Pro-active with positive and resilient attitude
• Meticulous, independent and able to perform under pressure
• Able to multi-task, set priorities and meeting deadlines
• Able to handle difficult situations amicably
• Team player with good interpersonal skills

In our Share Services Accounts & Finance Team, we provide services to a group of companies that are critical for their daily operations. For growth of our staff, there will be job rotation opportunities.

We are currently looking for a Shared Services Accounts Executive, who will be responsible for Accounts Receivables.

Roles and Responsibilities

• Responsible for full spectrum of accounts receivable function
• Ensure timely and accurate billing of invoices, debit note & credit Note, rebate
• Monitor and update collections and outstanding balances
• Liaise with various stakeholders to ensure smooth billing and payment process
• Generate and send Statement of account
• Handle customers’ inquiries.
• Generate AR aging analysis report.
• Perform monthly intercompany reconciliation.
• Support IT-related and Finance automation projects
• Other ad-hoc tasks as assigned

Qualifications

• Diploma in Accountancy or equivalent
• Minimum 3 year of Accounts Receivables working experience
• Familiar with SAP and e-banking platforms will be advantageous
• Experience working with Financial shared services will be advantageous

Competencies

• Proficient in Microsoft Office applications (especially excel)
• Pro-active with positive and resilient attitude
• Meticulous, independent and able to perform under pressure
• Able to multi-task, set priorities and meeting deadlines
• Able to handle difficult situations amicably
• Team player with good interpersonal skills

• Ensure customers cargo are picked promptly and accurately to support daily warehouse operations

• Cargo receiving and acknowledgement

• Cargo issuing Daily for deliveries

• Unstuffing Cargo to Rack and Shelves

• Loading and Unloading of Containers

• Report all discrepancies in shipment arrival for updates and claim procedures after tallying of parts upon receipt functions

• Quality checking of Products

• Inventory check including daily cycle count and annual stock count

• Repacking and Labelling of Goods

• Maintain and Improve placement of good in warehouse

• Responsible of maintaining warehouse cleanliness and tidiness

• Drive and Maintain Forklift

• Any other duties assigned by supervisor

Job Responsibilities

· Invoice matching

· Review open GRN and reconcile AP balance

· Monitor AP aging

· Process payments & payment transactions

· Follow-up with purchaser and vendors to resolve invoice issues

· Involve in stock take and sighting of scrap sales

· Prepare audit and tax schedule

· Input entry to accounting system

· Any other jobs as assigned by Superior.

Requirements

• LCCI / Diploma in Financial Accounting.
• Minimum 3 years’ relevant experience in a manufacturing company
• Self-motivated, proactive, and possess a good working attitude.
• Strong analytical skills, meticulous, and well organized with the ability to multitask and manage conflicting/changing priorities.

Only shortlisted candidate will be notified.

Roles & Responsibilities

• Responsible for the good running of store operation
• Perform labelling, scanning, storing of goods and quality checks
• Liaise with internal customer service and production teams
• Stock checks and manage inventory
• Handle any other related ad-hoc assignments as and when required

Requirements

• Possess minimum store experience
• Knowledge of Microsoft Office (Excel) would be ideal.
• Good communication and strong interpersonal skills
• Meticulous and able to multi-task

St Joseph's Home, a Person-centred residential healthcare facility located in Jurong West, is redefining the way we take care of our elderly, and would like to invite suitable candidates to apply for the position of:

Therapy Assistant

Job Description:

• Implement therapy treatment plans as directed by the managing Therapist
• Help to instruct and guide resident in the correct usage of therapy equipment & mobility aids, including performing manual transfers in a safe manner
• Document the residents' physiotherapy attendances
• Participate in assigned department projects

Key Requirements:

• Secondary School education or equivalent
• Compassionate nature with the desire to serve the elderly and children
• A team player with good interpersonal and communications skills

Benefits:

- Annual leave, Medical and Dental reimbursement schemes

- Meals during duty-hours will be provided

Applicants are invited to write with comprehensive resume, state current and expected salaries and enclose a recent photo to:

[email protected]

We regret that only shortlisted candidates will be notified.

Roles & Responsibilities:

We are seeking a proactive and detail-oriented individual to join our team as an Admin Assistant. As an Admin Assistant, you will provide crucial support to our organization by performing a variety of administrative and clerical tasks. Your responsibilities will include managing correspondence, organizing meetings, maintaining records, and assisting with general office operations. The ideal candidate should have excellent communication skills, strong organizational abilities, and a keen eye for detail.

Job scope:

- Assist in managing and organizing daily administrative activities.

- Handle incoming and outgoing communications, including phone calls, emails, and mail.

- Schedule and coordinate meetings, appointments, and travel arrangements.

- Manage office supplies, inventory, and equipment maintenance.

- Perform general clerical tasks, including photocopying, scanning, and data entry.

- Generate purchase order, quotation, arrange delivery, and update status in a timely manner.

- Handle sensitive and confidential information with integrity and discretion.

- Any other duties as assigned when required.

Requirements:

- Minimum 1 to 2 years of relevant experience in office administration support.

- Proficient in MS Office applications.

- Strong organizational and time management abilities, with a focus on meeting deadlines.

- Ability to multitask and prioritize tasks effectively.

- Ability to work independently with minimal supervision.

- Good sense of urgency, meticulous and demonstrate initiatives with good follow-up skills.

- Entry level candidates are also welcome.

Join our dynamic team and contribute to the smooth operation of our organization as an Admin Assistant. We offer a supportive work environment, opportunities for growth, and competitive compensation packages.

Apply now to be a part of our team and make a valuable impact through your administrative expertise.

*Only Singaporean and PR may apply.

Please call or WhatsApp me at 90993257

Email me at: [email protected]

St Joseph's Home, a Person-centred residential healthcare facility located in Jurong West, is redefining the way we take care of our elderly, and would like to invite suitable candidates to apply for the position of:

Healthcare Assistant (General)

Job Description

- Shower and dress/groom the residents under their charge

- Change bed linens and helping residents with toileting needs

- Assist in maintaining the inventory of supplies and equipment in assigned work-area

- Assist in the mobility of the residents

- Build rapport with residents and their families

Key Requirements:

- Secondary education

- Ability to perform shift duty is an advantage

- A team player with good interpersonal and communications skills

- Good communications skills

Benefits:

- Annual leave, Medical and Dental reimbursement schemes

- Meals during duty-hours will be provided

Applicants are invited to write with comprehensive resume, state current and expected salaries and enclose a recent photo to:

[email protected]

NTU Student Affairs Office (SAO) seeks to achieve its mission of collaborating and co-creating a meaningful and enriching student life experience with its partners via promoting students' personal growth through co-curricular learning arising from student-led activities, leadership development initiatives, residential hall programmes, inclusion and integration efforts, community engagement initiatives and sports.

This job supports the Deputy Associate Provost (Student Life) in all strategic and operational aspects of the university-wide Transition & Orientation Programme (TOP), and other student development initiatives under the Student Affairs Office, in alignment with NTU Education 2025 goals.

Responsibilities

Lead the implementation of the Transition and Orientation Programme (TOP)

• Lead and drive all operational aspects of TOP to provide seamless coordination with 16 schools, 23 residential halls and Big 4 NTU student organisations and relevant NTU offices to achieve successful programme outcomes.
• Support the Deputy Associate Provost (Student Life) in reviewing and enhancing TOP framework and plans.
• Manage the utilisation of the TOP budget.
• Conduct feedback, collate statistics and analyse reports to evaluate and enhance the effectiveness of TOP.
• Lead or support in assigned cross-functional projects when required.

Leadership development for TOP student leaders

• Strategise the curation of leadership development courses for TOP leaders through conducting learning needs analysis and impact analysis with stakeholders and training partners.
• Mentor the NTUSU Student Life Orientation Executive in providing executive support to the TOP organisers.

Cross-functional student development initiatives

• Lead or support assigned cross-functional student development initiatives or committees at the SAO, SASD, or University level when required.

Requirements

• Good degree from a recognized university.
• At least 6 years’ of relevant experience which involves considerable interaction with students or youth; experience in the tertiary education sector will be advantageous.
• Experience in youth development and/or IHL Orientation Programmes.
• Project management skills in coordinating large-scale projects.
• A strong grasp of pedagogical skills and direct experience in designing and facilitating learning experiences.
• A strong commitment and passion towards student development.
• Proven track record in stakeholder management.
• Familiarity in implementing and/or managing policies, procedures, and regulations.

Our Offer:

1. Attractive pay (hourly pay is $12.5~15/hr)

2. Conducive working environment

3. Flexible time arrangement (you pick the days you want to work)

4. Average working hours is about 4~6hrs/weekday, 6~8hrs/weekend day

5. Opportunity to promote to store manager

Job Description:

1. Provide instruction and guidance for customer to finish their tufting

2. Trim and finish tufting products (we‘ll provide training)

3. Maintain cleanliness of tufting store

Job Requirements：

1. Fluent in written and spoken English and Chinese (Must)

2. Good at handicraft, skillful and patient

3. Event management ability is preferred

4. Extrovert personality is preferred

5. No requirement for education background, nor past experience.

About the role

This position is for an Engineering Assistant, managing day-to-day priorities, solving client issues received by the team. Optimizes manpower and resources, responds to complaints of customers, and escalates key issues to senior management.

Key Responsibilities:

As an Engineering Assistant, you’ll be responsible for:

• Works under immediate supervision to perform on-site field service directly to customers regarding installing, updating, operating, maintaining, repairing and removing of equipment to meet customer requirements.
• Uses detailed company guidelines to assist with installation, testing, servicing and repairing of basic equipment to conform with company operating specifications and customer requirements.
• Uses detailed company guidelines to perform basic on-site preventative maintenance, routine repair, and calibration after installation.
• Assists with inspecting equipment on a regular basis.
• Assists with maintenance of equipment logs that record performance problems, repairs, calibrations, or tests and submits weekly reports summarizing these activities.
• Scheduling of technician work schedule, for dispatching of work order through salesforce & service max platform.
• Arranging logistic required for field service including ordering of part, issuing of parts to field staff/ subcontractors, arranging delivery of required equipment or part.
• Arrange and raising Purchase Order for subcontractors for delivery and service.
• Coordination with customer on service delivery date including all required documentation for work (Permit to work, Risk Assessments and etc).
• Review entries of technician's hour and time sheets.
• Create the work order for new jobsite.
• Ensure customer service report (CSR) / service chits uploaded fir monthly invoicing.
• Manage other administrative tasks as required such as filed staff's leave, tools request, safety related request in SAP system.
• Support field staffs for any required assistance.
• Backup of Engineer during their absence.
• Support field service team for arrangement after office hours in the event of critical

Requirements

We are looking for people who has excelllent communication skills and and has good stakeholder management. If this is you, get in touch.

As a minimum you must have:

• Minimum O Levels.
• Entry level are welcomed.
• Prior working experience in HVAC or Mechanical Engineering related fields are preferred.
• Experience in Scheduling and Planning are advantageous.