• With experience in BIM modelling using Revit and AutoCad Software.
• Prepare proposal, shop & as-built drawing.
• Prepare coordination drawing.
• Perform site survey and inspection to ensure precision of drawing.
• Attend contractors meeting and update keep the Engineers involved up-to-date for any changes or new requirement
• Review design drawings demo contractors and vendors
• Prepare any necessary construction method statement and technical.
• Assist the Project Manager to coordinate between Clients and Consultants

• $2,400 to $3,400
• 5 days
• 9am-6pm
• Office location: Bukit Batok Crescent, Wcega Plaza
• Working location: Singapore Islandwide - Client site

Job description:

• Works with engineering, sales, and ops staff to understand standard component fabrication techniques, standard composite materials to use, and current demands of our customers to formulate design details for the sales staff and our customers.
• Responding to requests for technical queries with detailed analysis of the building management system, planning of project schedule and execution.
• Handle ACMV related equipment controls including control logic programming
• Check and ensure all installations conform to project specifications, and be able to manage system applications, drafting, database generation and commissioning of the systems
• Effective handling of project reviews and handling by conducting FAT(Factory Acceptance test), SAT(Site Acceptance Test).

Requirements:

• Candidate to possess with a ITE, Diploma, Advanced/Higher/Graduate Diploma, Bachelor's Degree, Post Graduate Diploma, Professional Degree, Engineering (Computer/Telecommunication), Engineering (Electrical/Electronic) or equivalent.
• On job training provided

If you are interested to apply, kindly WhatsApp me your updated resume in DOC file and allow our Consultant to match you with our Clients.

Whatsapp: +65 8525 2419

Email: [email protected]

Tan Man Ee Reg No: R22108289

The Supreme Hr Advisory Pte Ltd EA No: 14C7279

1. Computation and prepartion of Topographic map, Boundary surveys, all co-ordinates and level
2. Duties will primarily be office related but may require occasional field work associated with all facets of surveying including topographic mapping, control surveying and construction layout.
3. Downloads and processes field data in AutoCAD, processing of 3D Scanning Data
4. Able to work independently with minimum supervision
5. Responsible for the project team drafting activities
6. Drafting As-built plan
7. Create, analyze and modify CAD drawings for engineering projects

Responsibilities:

• Develop/update hull material, architectural outfitting specifications and weight and centre gravity (W&CG) study.

• Coordinate/execute contract specification requirements and production inputs into engineering drawing/document.

• Prepare bill of material, review and selection of materials.

• Provide progress reporting and schedule management of engineering deliverables.

• Perform site visits to rectify engineering issues, determine existing conditions or verify new construction.

• Coordinate work and integration with other engineering disciplines, production, QA/QC and clients.

• Meet with vendors, client reps, accreditation representatives when required.

• Perform any other tasks as may be assigned by the supervisor.

Requirements:

• Minimum 5 years working experience in a marine/offshore industry either with shipyards or marine equipment manufacturers.

• Minimum Diploma or Bachelor's Degree in Structural Engineering or Marine Engineering.

• Ability to understand and perform structural analysis of the hull and structures, knowledge of Intergraph-SmartMarine 3D Software will be advantageous.

• Familiar with Marine & Offshore rules, regulations and requirements.

JOB DESCRIPTION

· Design and program automated test scenarios according to test plan with its acceptance criteria

· Manage and maintain end to end automated test framework such as prepare test environment, test data, update functional testing scripts in accordance with changing requirements

· Work with QC project leader to identify, propose, prioritize and implement test automations.

· Work with test engineers to troubleshoot observed issue, determine root cause and identify solutions

· Contribute towards continuous improvement of testing practices/tools to improve test strategy and efficiency

· Help to ensure every release happens in a timely manner with a high level of quality.

JOB REQUIREMENTS

· Bachelor’s/ Master’s degree in Computer Science, Software Engineering or other equivalent degree/experience

· Strong python scripting skill and C++ programming background

· Good written and verbal communication skills in Chinese is a bonus ( Required to liaise with Tawiwan colleagues)

· Able to work well both independently as well as in a team

Job Objectives/Job Summary:

As Project Engineer, he/she has to plan, develop and manage any project that is construction based. He/she has the duty of facilitating the construction designs and ensures that these designs are implemented with utmost safety and that the whole process flows efficiently. He/she has to ensure that the materials in use are safe and that the methods being used are appropriate.

Responsibilities/Duties:

• Assist Project Manager in site supervision.
• Responsible for planning, scheduling, forecasting, conducting and coordinating the technical and management aspects of projects.
• Managing and planning the construction project.
• Assist in project tendering, budget for the project within an estimated cost.
• Controlling the cost of the materials and labor.
• Coordination and checking of engineering deliverables.
• Attend site meeting, inspection and monitoring of project progress.
• Liaising and coordinating with all parties involved in the projects such as consultants, main contractors, sub-contractors, suppliers, local authorities, environmental agencies and federal entities etc to ensure successful implementation of the project.
• Monthly project status reports and change orders.
• To manage the daily operation of the project execution.
• Arm their juniors with relevant information on construction.
• Advising the workers on the construction process and addressing their concerns.
• Solving construction problems as soundly as possible.
• Acting as the quality control and assurance to ensure that the project objectives are met.
• Ensure that all the construction safety rules and regulations are being observed.
• Obtaining the construction materials and verifying them.
• Scheduling the construction work of the day.
• Laying down the preferred construction methods.
• Ensuring that the project starts on time and ends within the estimated duration.
• Ad-hoc assignments.

Job Specifications/Requirements:

• Degree in Mechanical / Electrical / Civil & Structural Engineering.
• Have prior 1 year working experience in construction industry.
• Experience in Additions & Alterations (A&A) works in commercial building upgrading project will be an advantage.
• Must have comprehension for written or verbal graphic instructions.
• Must possess good communication skills.
• Relevant site experience.
• Knowledge in Microsoft office (Excel, Word).
• Knowledge in air-conditioning, ducting, piping, etc and have testing & commissioning experience (for Mechanical field).
• Must have ability to write / understand engineering reports.
• Have excellent problem solving skills
• Good team player and customer-focused with excellent communication skills
• Able to work independently with minimum supervision.
• Able to work under pressure with high initiative.

Selected candidates would have the opportunity to work islandwide projects located in Singapore.

Deskside/Desktop Support Engineer

We are looking for experienced junior and senior full-time deskside engineers to provide End User Computing or Deskside support to Multinational companies in Singapore.

Job Responsibilities & Requirement:

Primary

• Provide level 2 End User Computing support and well verse in Windows OS
• Good Hardware and software troubleshooting skills for PC.
• Break fix and IMAC support for end user deskside equipment
• Basic troubleshooting skills for IOS and android devices.
• Handles asset and peripherals inventory management.
• Meeting room and AV equipment knowledge.
• Provide smart hands support for networks and servers
• Familiar with Service Desk ticketing systems and process.
• VIP support
• Able to support off hours or require to perform ad hoc duties as and when needed

Job Requirement:

• Diploma/Bachelor’s degree in computer science / information technology or relevant field.
• Proven work experience as a desktop support engineer or support technician.
• At least 3 years of IT deskside support experiences for junior level.
• At least more than 6 years of IT deskside support experiences for senior level.
• A good team player.
• Excellent interpersonal skills.
• Customer centric and focus on service excellence.
• Excellent problem-solving and multitasking skills.
• Good verbal and written communication skills and ability to interact with other teams.
• Working location: West, Singapore

It would be appreciated if you can share with me your interest on the same.

Have a friend or family member who may be interested in taking the next step in their career? Help them out by referring them to Ennovatez.

You can email your resume to us at [email protected]

Job Requirements
• Pre-plan and prepare construction schedule, coordinate activities
• Close monitoring of structural work progress, coordinate with precaster, steel bar suppliers and structural sub-contractors.
• Study project specifications such as civil/structural, architectural and M&E drawings
• Control project plan and achieve project optimism by reviewing designs, control quality and propose remedies if necessary.
• Prepare daily/weekly/month site report
• Maintain safe and clean working environment and ensure compliances according to standard rules and regulations
• Liaise with both internal and external parties for efficient optimum progress.
• Other ad-hoc duties as assigned by Project Director

Description:

• Engage in projects focused on Environmentally Sustainable Design (ESD).
• Oversee initiatives that pertain to overall sustainability, decarbonization, and carbon advisory services.
• Deliver comprehensive energy assessments and compare energy usage against best practice guidelines and net zero strategies for master planning within Singapore and internationally.
• Offer cost-efficient solutions to project teams aimed at enhancing building performance, decarbonization, and sustainability efforts.
• Conduct research, review findings, recommend, and implement leading practices within sustainable building design and systems.

Job Requirement:

• Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in M&E, Architecture, building services, building sustainability or a related field
• At least 3 years of relevant experience in Environmental Sustainable Development (ESD).
• Strong project management abilities to effectively oversee and manage tasks, budgeting, and timelines.
• Collaborative team player who is eager to learn, share ideas, and support colleagues with their responsibilities as needed.
• Highly motivated and proactive individual with a strong interest in discovering innovative solutions.
• Extensive experience with computer systems and proficiency in MS Office applications.

Job Description

Requirements:

• Candidate must possess at least Professional Certificate/NiTEC, Diploma/Advanced/Higher/Graduate Diploma, Bachelor's Degree/Post Graduate Diploma/Professional Degree in Engineering (Civil), Engineering (Electrical/Electronic), Engineering (Mechanical), Engineering (Others) or equivalent.
• At least 1 Year of working experience in the related field is required for this position.
• Preferably Junior Executive specialized in Engineering - Civil/Construction/Structural or equivalent.

Responsibilities:

• Attend to customers enquiry and conduct site survey as required
• Carry out detail design and provide proposal for customers
• Plan and schedules works with reference to contractual schedules
• Coordinate goods delivery with suppliers and store as required
• Attend to all operational matters related to the daily running of the project
• Liaise with customers concerning approval of plans and drawings, acceptance of work, progress of work, problem solving, etc.
• Attend site meetings and inspections, report regularly on progress and monitor schedule
• Prepare monthly project report to the Project Manager / Customers
• Co-ordinate with customers to handover completed project with project documents.

If you are interested, please email to: [email protected] (do not email to other's email address!!)

• Develop architectural designs and concepts based on client requirements.
• Prepare detailed drawings and specifications using CAD software.
• Conduct site visits and assessments to analyze project feasibility.
• Collaborate with engineers, contractors, and other professionals.
• Ensure compliance with local building codes and regulations.
• Present design proposals to clients and stakeholders.
• Manage project timelines and budgets.

• Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Architecture.
• Licensed Architect (registration required).
• Proficiency in design software (e.g., AutoCAD, Revit).
• Strong communication and interpersonal skills.
• Experience with project management is a plus.

Job Scope

• Designing, implementing and optimising semiconductor manufacturing processes
• Troubleshooting process issues and identifying areas for improvement
• Collaborating with cross-functional teams to drive continuous process enhancements
• Conducting performance testing and data analysis to support process qualification
• Ensuring compliance with industry regulations and internal quality standards
• Providing technical guidance and mentoring to more junior members of the team

Requirements

• Degree in Engineering, with a specialisation in Process Engineering or a related field
• 2+ years of experience in a process engineering role within the semiconductor industry
• Proven track record of designing, implementing and optimising complex manufacturing processes
• Excellent problem-solving and analytical skills, with the ability to interpret technical data
• Strong communication and collaboration skills to work effectively with cross-functional teams
• Demonstrated experience in applying lean manufacturing principles and Six Sigma methodologies
• Familiarity with relevant industry standards and regulatory requirements

Interested candidates who wish to apply for the advertised position, please click on the APPLY button below to send in your resume or send to [email protected].

EA License No: 13C6305

Reg. No.: R1981808

For candidate who applied for the advertised position is deemed to have consented to us that we may collect, use or disclose your personal information for purpose in connection with the services provided by us.

Roles and Responsibility:

· Drafting and reviewing legal documents in English and Japanese.

· Case management.

· Corresponding with clients and other legal teams.

· Analyzing the probable outcomes of cases, using knowledge of legal precedents.

· Performing administrative and management functions related to the practice of law.

· Building excellent working relationships with clients and peers within the firm.

· Dealing with any other related tasks as assigned from time to time.

Qualities and Skills:

· Qualified to practice China law and passed the relevant bar examinations in China.

· A track-record demonstrating commitment and achievement.

· Ability to acquire, consolidate and apply fundamental and up-to-date knowledge of the law.

· Accuracy and attention to detail.

· Organized and able to work to strict deadlines with the ability to priorities realistically.

· Professional level of proficiency in spoken and written Chinese.

· Communicate with our head office in China.

The Job:

• Manage & supervise SCC with resourceful planning on scheduling, monitoring via GMSS & Pronto System, including carrying out Customers Survey to measure the service level with aim of improving SCC
• Consolidating and analysising of data; improve the work flows and maximize the productivity and efficiency of service department
• Reports generation, to track service performance, support decision-making and ensure regulatory compliance.
• Tender participation in after-sales services

The Person:

• Able to work under pressure
• Bachelor of Science in Office Administration; 2-Years Certificate in Computer Secretarial, or relevant
• 2-4 years experience in the Material Handling Industries, skilled in operations Management, understanding both internal & external needs to meet expectations
• Soft skills, able to transfer skills, expertise and knowledge to all team members

Job Description:

• Oversee and manage the hardware development process, from initial product definition through to production launch.
• Design schematics and layouts.
• Conduct system bring-up and verification.
• Debug and troubleshoot hardware issues.
• Assess and review test reports from New Product Introduction (NPI).
• Work collaboratively with cross-functional design platform teams, including Firmware, Software, Layout, Mechanical, and Thermal.
• Engage with customer representatives to conduct design reviews, evaluate test reports, and discuss design implementations.

Job Requirements:

• A Bachelor's degree or higher in Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Computer Science, or a related field.
• A minimum of 3 years of relevant experience.
• Familiarity with Cadence Concept HDL and Cadence Allegro tools.
• Hands-on experience with Intel/AMD platform x86 architecture design.
• Comprehensive knowledge of PC/NB system architecture design.
• Strong skills in debugging and hardware testing.
• Excellent organizational and planning abilities.
• Proficient soldering skills.

HOW TO APPLY:

Interested applicants, please click on “Apply Now” or email to submit your resume.

Kindly send your resume in MS Word format to:

[email protected]

We regret only shortlisted candidates will be notified.

By submitting any application or resume to us, you will be deemed to have agreed and consented to us collecting, using, retaining and disclosing your personal information to prospective employers for their consideration.

Stafflink Services Pte Ltd

EA Licence No.: 04C4294

EA Personnel: Chew Hong Huang

EA Personnel Reg. No.: R24124128

Job Scope

• Lead the design, development and testing of new mechanical engineering solutions to support the company's product roadmap
• Collaborate with cross-functional teams to transform design concepts into high-quality, manufacturable products
• Conduct root cause analyses, troubleshoot and resolve technical issues to ensure product quality and reliability
• Stay up-to-date with the latest industry trends, technologies and best practices to continuously improve engineering processes
• Mentor and guide junior engineers to enhance their technical skills and foster a culture of continuous learning
• Contribute to the development of engineering standards, policies and procedures to drive operational excellence

Requirements:

• 3+ years of experience as a Design & Development Engineer or in a similar role within the Mechanical Engineering and Semicon industry
• Proficient in mechanical design, CAD software (e.g. SolidWorks, AutoCAD) and prototyping techniques
• Strong understanding of manufacturing processes, materials, and testing methodologies
• Excellent problem-solving, analytical and critical thinking skills
• Effective communication and collaboration abilities to work with cross-functional teams
• Proven track record of leading and mentoring junior engineers
• Bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering or a related field

Interested candidates who wish to apply for the advertised position, please click on the APPLY button below to send in your resume to [email protected]

EA License No: 13C6305
Reg. No.: R1981808

For candidate who applied for the advertised position is deemed to have consented to us that we may collect, use or disclose your personal information for purpose in connection with the services provided by us.

The job:

• To achieve / meet cost saving target
• Responsible to source, negotiate and purchase materials from local & oversea vendors
• To implement internal procurement strategies to cater to high delivery & short lead time requirements and advise internal and external on issues regarding purchasing terms & conditions
• In charge of daily operational purchasing needs such as planning, issuing and following up on purchase orders delivery and shipment schedules
• 20% logistics work will be allocated

The person:

• Min Diploma in Procurement or relevant
• 3 years working experience in the relevant field
• Solid knowledge and understanding of procurement processes, policy and systems
• Well communication and negotiation skill

Job Overview

In today's information-centric world, the core of information technology lies in the semiconductor industry. UMC is a leading global semiconductor foundry company and we are sincerely inviting process engineers to join us. You have the opportunity to develop your expertise in the semiconductor industry and improve the conditions for advanced technologies through design and development experiments to provide a more stable process at lower cost and higher yield! Learn to establish a cooperative atmosphere with various manufacturers and engineers to jointly develop strategies and solutions to improve the company's efficiency.

Responsibilities

• Day to Day monitoring and ownership to timely address in-line SPC/defect/Equipment abnormality, handling and disposition
• Manage projects in productivity improvement, particularly for new processes, using process characteristic analytical tool to improve process condition and technology
• Establish process parameters for a variety of semiconductor equipment to ensure line stability
• Evaluation and development of new equipment/materials/process

Qualifications

• Minimum requirement of a Bachelor's Degree in Electronic Engineering , Electrical Electronic Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Materials Science, Mechanical Engineering and Physics
• Demonstrated experience of at least 2 years in semiconductor foundry module process
• 22/28 nanometer and below advance technology nodes experience is highly desirable
• Strong understanding of process development, optimization and troubleshooting.
• Proven leadership skills in leading cross-functional teams and managing projects related to process improvement or technology transfer
• Ability to analyze complex process issues, identify root causes, and implement effective solutions
• Experience skills including SPC, 8D reporting, DOE, FMEA and PMO is preferred
• Able to commit shift work

The person:

• To achieve / meet sales and GP target
• To assist to follow up debt collection
• Parts planning, promotion and campaign
• Communicate with suppliers and principals on OEM products
• Build and maintain relationship with major key accounts
• Provide good customer service for the parts dept

The job:

• Min Diploma in Marketing
• 1-3 years in parts and marketing sales
• Parts and computer knowledge
• Class 3 license and computer literacy
• Motivation for Sales

As a IT Manager | Desktop Support, the broad area of your job responsibilities will cover the following:

Ability to guide the team and resolve incident escalated by Desktop Support Assistant in confirming the validity of the problem and seeking and researching for known solutions related to these more complex issues.

Performed Desktop Support services to users

This includes receiving, prioritizing, documenting and actively resolving end user help requests and escalating incidents when necessary to maintain customer satisfaction and SLA expectations.

Perform asset inventories

Perform technical escalation to 3rd party vendor or resolver groups (where appropriate)

Updates Incident records

Creates and updates work instructions (where necessary)

Document standards and procedures (where necessary)

Ideal candidate should possess the following:

Min 7 years’ Service Desk front and back-office experience with experience in leading a team

AV equipment experiences will be a plus

Experience in managing virtual team

Strong people management and leadership skills

Strong analytical and project management skills

JOB DESCRIPTION

• CP test program development.
• Work with designer to develop test programs, debug programs, solve problems.
• Work with commissioned factory to identify, propose, prioritize and implement test automations.
• Design automated test scenarios accordingly to test plan with its acceptance criteria
• The commissioned testing factory product management.
• Test plant test plan management. Ex: prepare test environment, test data, update functional test scripts according to changing requirements
• Contribute towards continuous improvement of testing practices/tools to improve test strategy and efficiency
• Help to ensure every release happens in a timely manner with a high level of quality.

JOB REQUIREMENTS

• Bachelor’s/ Master’s degree in Electronical Engineering ,Computer Science, Software Engineering or other equivalent degree/experience
• Strong VBT scripting skill and C++ programming background
• Good written and verbal communication skills in English and Mandarin is required to liaise with Chinese associates/clients
• Able to work well both independently as well as in a team
• Singaporeans are welcome to apply

New Product Development

• Proceeds development according to implement plan
• Makes functional specification
• Proceeds electrical, or firmware design
• Plans and proceeds prototype model evaluation and prepare evaluation to reports.

Re-design of Products

• Supports Lead Engineer to estimate return and investment.
• Proceed re-design according to implementation plan.
• Proceeds electrical, mechanical or firmware design.
• Plans and proceeds prototype model evaluation and prepare evaluation report.
• Makes up product manufacturing standard.

Technical Support

• Prepares technical information for parts localize and price negotiation.
• Supports production line if necessary according to superior’s direction.
• Supports parts faculty/investigation according to superior’s direction.

Requirements:

• Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering or its equivement.
• Experience in analog or digital electrical hardware design
• Entry level are welcome to apply.

Electronics Manufacturing Industry

East/Bedok

5 days work week

Interested Applicants, kindly email your detailed resume to [email protected]

Tempserv Pte Ltd

License No: 06C3745

Tel: 62226441

Attention: Audris Teo / EA Personnel No: R1102063

Software Engineer (Full Stack Developer) (ref: 101)

Job Description:

• Will work with the delivery manager to develop and implement applications to support Business needs.
• Liaise with the infrastructure support and development teams.
• Monitors and manages the production support to ensure incidents and problems are managed within set SLAs
• Ensure adherence of development practice (Waterfall and Agile), standards and updated documentation

Requirements:

• Possess good technical knowledge in J2EE/JEE.
• Experience in back-end frameworks/technologies such as Spring boot, Hibernate.
• Experience in databases such as Oracle, MS SQL.
• Experience in front-end frameworks/technologies such as AngularJS, ReactJS and Node.JS is an added advantage.
• Monitors and manages the production support to ensure incidents and problems are managed within set SLAs
• Familiar with use of DevOps and tools
• Good communication, strong analytical, problem solving and presentation skills

Interested applicants may send in their detailed resumes in MS Word to [email protected].

Best Regards

IT Consultancy & Services Pte Ltd

EA No: 92C5311 | EA Reg No. R1106648 | www.itcspl.com

• New Product process design and line setup.
• Understand SAP concept and align process design
• Work closely with local and HQ (Japan) designers on product change requirements, plan with the local group of members.
• Draft the implementation schedule to meet target date, disseminate and finetune the scheduled with production PICs for the implementation to be carried out smoothly.
• Follow up with related members and enforce the usage of systems developed for operation change tracking.
• Understand key functions and product master setting rules of ERP (SAP) system, process-related inline systems, traceability requirements, to align the process design with the systems.

Requirements:

• Diploma/Degree in Engineering Electrical & Electronics.
• Prefer 2 year(s) of working experience in the related field in the PCB manufacturing environment.
• Good statistical and analytical skills.
• Good communication, planning and coordination skills.
• Entry level are welcome as training will be provided.
• Travelling to Batam Factory and staying for project (min. 2weeks to max 2 months stay per visit depending on project requirements.

Electronics Manufacturing Industry

East Area/Bedok Area

5 days work week

Interested candidates, please forward a detailed resume to [email protected]

Tempserv Pte Ltd
License No: 06C3745
Attention: Audris Teo / EA Personnel No: R1102063

• Position: Purchaser
• Working hours: 8:30am - 5:30pm (Mon-Friday)
• Working location: Buroh Street (Nearest MRT: Boon Lay)
• Salary Range : $1800 -$2000

Interested applicants can also send your resume to WA: +65 8827 8712 (Ms Lynne) and allow our Consultant to match you with our Clients. No Charges will be incurred by Candidates for any service rendered.

TAN LEE XIAN Reg No: R24123487

The Supreme HR Advisory Pte Ltd EA No: 14C7279

Responsibilities:
• Process supplier confirmation by update purchase orders
• Preparation of Purchase Orders
• Preparation of change orders
• Track shipments and communicate with clients about the package's progress
• Timely responses to supplier inquiries
• Follow-up and ensure supplier compliance is current
• Provide support on various activities as needed with Managers and team members
• Writes, and submits to vendors a detailed purchase order, outlining the project specifications, delivery date expectations, the amount of overs allowed, who will arrange freight, any other details pertinent to the project
• Monitors and communicates to customer service any additional changes for shipping, overs, project changes
• Compiling Request For Quotation/Proposal (RFQ/RFP) packages
• Maintains lot sizes, period of supply, planning-bill demand, lead time and minimum order quantities with the suppliers
• Obtains supplier quotations as required, notifies suppliers of engineering changes to drawings/specifications and provides suppliers with forecast and open order information
• Ensures that all released Purchase Orders are sent to suppliers and are confirmed following the required turn-around time
• Assist with the phone calls
• Well-verse in ISO documentation and AutoCad

Qualifications
• A minimum 1 year and progressively responsible job-related experience
• Familiarity with purchase orders
• Minimum ‘O’ Level or equivalent